AP Chemistry Ch3 Stoichiometry Vocab Words

17 vocab words

Mass Spectrometer

tool that separates the components of a sample by mass and electrical charge

Atomic Mass

mass of an atom (protons + neutrons)

is the weighted average of all isotopes

Mole

unit of measurement for amount of substance

1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 units of something

Molar Mass

the mass of 1 mole of a specific substance

Percent Composition

ratio of the mass of each element in a compound to the mass of the entire compound

Empirical Formula

the simplest whole number ratio of the elements present in a compound

Molecular Formula

number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a specific compound

Chemical Equation

representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to indicate the identity and amount of each reactant and product

Reactant

substances that are consumed in a chemical reaction

Product

substances that are formed through a chemical reaction

Stoichiometry

branch of chemistry that applies the law of definite proportions and conservation of mass to chemical reactions

quantitative relationship between the substances in a chemical reaciton

Stoichiometric Quantities

the amount of substance specified by the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation

Limiting Reactant

the chemical reaction will completely use up this reactant

upon using up this reactant, the chemical reaction will stop

Excess Reactant

the reactant that will not be used up by the end of the chemical reaction

there will be excess of this reactant at the end of the chemical reaction

Theoretical Yield

the predicted amount of product that will form in a chemical reaction

Actual/ Exprimental Yield

the amount of product formed in an experiment

Percent Yield

100% x (actual yield / theoretical yield)