Unit 1 Review 1. Senses a. Visual - I can see it b. Tactile - I can feel/touch it c. Gustation - I can taste it d. Auditory - I can hear it e. Olfaction - I can smell it f. Kinesthesia - sense position/movement of the body without vision (eyes closed) Weber’s Law: (absolute threshold) - Difference in stimuli and sensation (difference threshold increases with intensity... easier to tell the difference between 4lb and 10lb weight rather than 8lb and 10lb weight) 2. Research Designs a. Qualitative Research: non-numerical data (images, words, observations) b. Quantitative Research: actual data (numbers, percentages, mathematical model) c. Experimental Research: random assignment to groups/independent variables used d. Correlation: Relationship between two variables (Genetics and Eating disorders) 3. Psychological Perspectives a. Biological Approach: brain and body affect behavior (hormones, neurotransmitters) b. Evolutionary Approach: adaptation to environment affects behavior (aversion to spiders) i. Charles Darwin’s natural selection: genes passed down to help survive (survival of the fittest) c. Cognitive: thinking influences behavior d. Humanistic: focus to be the best e. Psychodynamic: importance of childhood events 4. Nervous System a. Somatic - muscle movement b. Sympathetic - “fight or flight” (dilated pupils, reduced digestion, increased heart rate) c. Parasympathetic - cool down phase after excitement d. Spinal cord - sends signals to body (hand on a hot plate) 5. The Brain a. Refractory Phase: Neuron rests after firing neurotransmitters b. Action Potential: shifts in electrical charge of a neuron (across the axon) c. Endorphins: Neurotransmitter that reduces pain in the body d. Dopamine: Neurotransmitter that increases pleasure in the body e. Hypothalamus: sends signals to the pituitary gland (regulates body temperature) f. Neuroplasticity: ability to recover from brain injury g. Broca’s Area: Controls speech (if damaged, will cause speech issues) 6. Endocrine System a. Regulates level of hormones in the body 7. Sleep a. EEG: measures electrical currents in the brain b. TMS: measures the stage of sleep an individual is in c. Circadian Rhythm: sleep/wake cycle (will not feel rested if disrupted)

Webers law (absolute threshold)

Webers law (absolute threshold)

Difference in stimuli and sensation ( difference threshold increase with intensity.. EASIER to tell DIFFERENCE between 4tb and 10 lb weight RATHER than 8lb and 10lb weight

Qualitative Research

Non- numerical, images, words, observations

Experimental Research

Random assignment to groups/ independent variable used.

Independent variable

The characteristics of an experiment that is MANIPULATED or Changed by research

Correlation Relationship

Between two or more VARIABLES ( Genetics and Eating disorder)

Biological approach

Brain and body affects behavior( hormones, neurontransmitters)

Evolutionary approach

Adaption to environment affect behavior ( aversion to spiders)

Charles Darwin theory:

Natural selection: genes passed downy to help evolution and survive (survival of the fittest)

Somatic

MUSCLE 💪movement

Spinal cord

Sends SIGNALS to the body

Refractory system

Neuron rests after firing neurotransmitters

Action potential

Shifts the electrical change of a neuron ( through the Axon it transmits information)

Reuptate

Neurotransmitters are reason by the neuron( prevents to much being transfer

Endorphins

Neurotransmitter that reduces pain in the body

Hypothalamus

Sends signals to the pituitary gland ( regulate body temperature)

Neuroplasticity

Ability to recover form brain injury

Endocrine system

Regulates level of HORMONES

TMS

Measures stage sleep individuals is in

Narcolepsy

Persons FALLS immediately into REM during day without warning

Percibes smell

Olfactory Bulbs

Amygdala

Part of limbic system that process emotions

Case study

Detailed investigations into one individual or small group behavior

Cross- cultural

Looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior

Cross-sectional study

Studying people that are different ages at the same time to see what differences can attributed.

What par of the brain affects memory?

temporal lobe

What part controls my walking?

Cerebellum

What part of the brain affects grow?

Pituitary gland

Consolidation Theory

Memories are not permanent after they are formed BUT require time and stabilization to become lasting( ex: be consistent with )

The process that primarily responsible for regulating-sleep wake cycle?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain hypothalamus plays a key role in adjusting the melatonin.