APUSH 4A terms

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the French territory of Louisiana by the United States in 1803, which doubled the size of the nation.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate laws it found unconstitutional.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835, known for strengthening the federal judiciary and establishing the principle of judicial review.

Impressment

The act of coercively drafting individuals into military service, particularly referring to the British practice of forcing American sailors into the Royal Navy.

Chesapeake Affair

A 1807 incident involving the British warship HMS Leopard attacking the American frigate USS Chesapeake, leading to increased tensions between the U.S. and Britain.

Embargo Act 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports, intended to protect U.S. interests but resulted in economic depression.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who sought to unite Native American tribes against the encroachment of settlers on their lands in the early 19th century.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Fought in 1811 between American forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison and Native Americans associated with Tecumseh; solidified Harrison's reputation.

War Hawks

Members of Congress in the early 19th century who favored war against Britain, particularly leading up to the War of 1812.

Hartford Convention

A series of meetings in 1814-1815 where New England Federalists discussed their grievances against the war and the federal government, leading to the decline of the Federalist Party.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A Supreme Court case that upheld the power of the federal government to establish a national bank and ruled that states could not tax federal institutions.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

A Supreme Court case that established federal authority over interstate commerce, emphasizing the importance of the Commerce Clause.

Era of Good Feelings

The period after the War of 1812 characterized by national unity, a one-party system, and a focus on economic growth.

Clay’s American System

An economic plan proposed by Henry Clay that included a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and internal improvements to promote national growth.

Adams-Onis Treaty

An 1819 agreement between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the United States and defined the boundary between the two countries.

Nativism

A political policy favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants, particularly prominent in the 19th century in America.

Lowell (Waltham) System

An industrial workforce system in the early 19th century that employed young women in textile mills under supervised conditions.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. foreign policy statement made in 1823 declaring that further European colonization in the Americas would be considered an act of aggression.

Tariff of 1816

The first protective tariff in U.S. history, intended to shield American industry from foreign competition.

Erie Canal

A man-made waterway completed in 1825 that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, facilitating trade and transportation in New York.

Missouri Compromise

A legislative agreement in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the U.S. marked by bank failures, unemployment, and a decline in agriculture and manufacturing.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic development in the early 19th century characterized by the expansion of markets and increased production through mechanization and transportation improvements.