AQA GCSE Chemistry - Using Resources

Finite

A resource we use faster that it can be replaced

Renewable

A resource which can be replaced faster than we use it up

Filtration

A process which can separate solids like grit and leaves from water.

Sterilization

A process which kills bacteria and viruses

Potable

Safe for drinking

Pollutants

Chemicals which may be harmful to living organisms. Not naturally found in the water supply.

conservation

the preservation or protection of natural resources; the use of less of a resource to make the supply last longer.

Non-renewable resource

a resource that, once used, cannot be replaced within a human lifetime.

pollution

any change to the natural environment that can harm living things.

reduce

to reduce or lessen the amount of waste you create.

reuse

to use something again that would usually be thrown away such as plastic bags from the grocery store.

recycle

turning waste into reusable materials such as plastic or metal

What is meant by a natural resource?

something we use for a purpose that comes from nature

What is potable water?

water that is safe to drink

What is pure water?

contains only water molecules (boils at exactly 100'C)

Describe stages in making water potable?

1. fresh water obtained from reservoirs/lakes

2. pass water through filtration beds - insoluble solids removed

3. sterilisation (bacteria killed by using UV, chlorine or ozone)

Describe how drinking water can obtained from salt water (brine)

by distillation

heat to 100'C so water turns to a vapour

Condense the water vapour back to a liquid using cold water in a condenser

State the stages in treating sewage water (4)

Sewage treatment includes:

• screening and grit removal

• sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent

• anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

• aerobic biological treatment of effluent.

How does phytoming extract copper?

plants (plants take up copper in the soil, plants are burnt, ash contains the copper) electrolysis used to obtain copper from ash

How does bioleaching extract copper

bacteria ingests copper compounds and makes leachates that contain copper. Electrolysis is used to obtain copper from leachate

What 4 stages need to be considered in Life Cycle Assessments

extraction, manufacture, use, disposal

What are the Advantages of recycling materials

conserves raw materials

conserves fossil fuels

saves energy

What are the advantages of mining/quarrying materials

Creates jobs

Brings money into the community

What are the Disadvantages of mining/quarrying materials?

mining or quarrying scars the landscape

destroys mining habitats

Use fossil fuels

Noise pollution

Air pollution

Why is potable water not the same as pure water?

It contains other dissolved substances

resources

materials found in the earth that people need and value

sustainable

able to meet the current demand for a resource without depleting the future supply

agricultural product

synthetic product

dissolved salts

groundwater

water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers

sterilising agents

desalination

the removal of salt from seawater to make it usable for drinking and farming

reverse osmosis

A technique for purifying water by forcing it through a semipermeable membrane.

purification

the act of cleaning by getting rid of impurities

organic waste

waste material from living organisms eg sewage or manure

chemical waste

hazardous waste that is usually a byproduct of industrial processes

metal ore

Rocks containing metal compounds which can be used as a source of the metal.

phytomining

The process of extraction of metals from ores using plants

bioleaching

Using bacteria to extract metals from their ores.

life cycle assessment

analysis of environmental impacts of products from the design stage through end-of-life

recasting & reforming