internal combustion engine powertrains

The engine(s) used to power the vehicle must be …. engine(s) using a ….-stroke primary heat cycle with a displacement not exceeding…. per cycle.

piston

four

710cm3

Each vehicle must be equipped with an on-board starter, which must be used to start the vehicle

For autonomous operation, the vehicle must be equipped with an additional engine start button next to the LVMS, that can be easily actuated from outside the vehicle.

Using the external engine start button, the engine may only start if

• the ASMS is switched on and

• the gearbox is in neutral.

additional engine start button, there must be a …..next to it, that indicates that the gearbox is in neutral. It must be marked with …...

green light

the letter “N” minimum height of 25mm

Any portion of the air intake system that is less than ….. above the ground must be ….

350mm

protected from impacts

Throttle cables must be located at least …..from any exhaust system component and out of the exhaust stream.

50mm

Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)

The ETC system must be equipped with at least the following sensors

• Accelerator Pedal Position Sensors (APPSs)

• TwoThrottle Position Sensors

When power is removed, the electronic throttle must immediately close at least to idle position….

An interval of …..is allowed for the throttle to close to idle, failure to achieve this within the required interval must result in immediate ….

±5

one second

disabling of power to ignition, fuel injectors and fuel pump

The power to the electronic throttle must be immediately shut down if the throttle position differs by more than …..from the expected target TPS position for more than ...

10%

500ms

For naturally aspirated engines, the sequence must be:

throttle body, restrictor, and engine

For turbocharged or supercharged engines, the sequence must be:

restrictor, compressor, throttle body, engine

Gasoline fueled vehicles- …

• E85fueled vehicles-….

20mm

19mm

Turbochargers and Superchargers

The maximum allowable internal diameter of the intake runner system between the restrictor and throttle body is….. diameter, or the equivalent area of ….if non-circular

60mm

2827mm2

The fuel tank must be located within the rollover protection envelope except the fuel filler neck if it is …. above the ground.

350mm

All parts of the fuel storage and supply system must be adequately protected against any heat sources and located at least…. from any exhaust system component

50mm

Fuel lines between fuel tank and fuel rail and return lines must

have reinforced rubber fuel lines with an abrasion protection with a fuel hose clamp which has a full 360◦ wrap, a nut and bolt system and rolled edges  or

• have metal braided hoses with crimped-on or reusable, threaded fittings.

• be rated for temperatures of at least 120◦C.

Low Pressure Injection (LPI) fuel systems are those functioning at a pressure….. and High Pressure Injection (HPI) fuel systems are those functioning at …. Direct Injection (DI) fuel systems are those where the injection …

below 10bar

10bar pressure or above

occurs directly into the combustion chamber

All high pressure fuel lines must be …….smooth bore PTFE hose with stainless steel reinforcement and visible …..tracer yarn. Use of elastomeric seals is prohibited. Lines must be rigidly connected every …..by mechanical fasteners to structural engine components

stainless steel rigid line or Aeroquip FC807

Nomex

100mm

The fuel tank must have a filler neck which: • has at least an inner diameter of ….at any point between the fuel tank and the top of the fuel filler cap

35mm

The fuel tank must have a filler neck which is accompanied by a clear fuel resistant sight tube above the top of the fuel tank with a length of ….vertical height for reading the fuel level

at least 125mm

The fuel tank must have a filler neck which is made of material that is permanently rated for temperatures of at least

120◦C

, the filler neck must not be angled more than ….from the vertical.

30◦

A permanent, non-movable, clear and easily visible fuel level line must be located between……below the top of the visible portion of the sight tube

12mm and 25mm

The exhaust outlet(s) must not extend more than ….behind the centerline of the rear axle and must be no more than ….. above the ground.

450mm

600mm

The maximum sound level test speed for a given engine will be the engine speed that corresponds to an average piston speed of ….. The calculated speed will be rounded to the nearest ….. The maximum allowed sound level up to this calculated speed is …., fast weighting.

15.25m/s

500rpm

110dB(C)

At idle the maximum allowed sound level is

103dB(C)

The maximum combined total weight of all elements in the hybrid system that store the electric energy, e.g. battery cells or supercapacitors, including all casings and tabs that are integral to them, is

3kg

Holes, both internal and external, in the HSC, are only allowed for the wiring harness, ventilation, cooling, or fasteners. The total cutout area must be below…. of the area of the respective single wall.

25%