Ch.8 - Cellular Basis of Inheritance

What simple form of prokaryotic cell division?

binary fission

What purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

to ensure DNA is intact, properly copied and chromosomes aligned before division

What’s the phases of interphases?

G1, S and G2

What happens if a cell fails checkpoint?

it may undergo apoptosis or entering resting phase

What does diploid mean in human

46 chromosomes (2 copies each )

What does haploid mean in human

23 chromosomes (1 copy each )

What are sister chromatids

identical copies of DNA joined at centromere

What’s the role of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

growth and replacement of damaged cells

What cancer in terms of cell cycle

dysregulation of cell cycle where cell divides uncontrollably w/o checkpoints

What are homologous chromosomes?

chromosomes containing genes, one from each parent

What’s crossing over and when does it occur

exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

What’s the difference between meiosis I and II

meiosis I = reduction division

meiosis II = equational division

How many daughter cells produced by meiosis

4 haploid cells

What does meiosis reduce chromosomes number by half

to prevent DNA from doubling each generation

During which stage of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated

Anaphase I

During which stage do chromosomes line up at cells center

Metaphase

What phase where cytoplasm splits into 2 cells?

Cytokinesis

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

nucleus breaks down

What tumor suppressor genes

Genes monitor DNA and trigger destruction of damaged cells

Crossing over occurs between…

Homologous chromosomes

After which phase do cells become haploid

Telophase I

Chromosomes paired in sets of 2 along center occurs in..

Metaphase I of meiosis

Meiosis of diploid cell with n=20 produces..

4 cells with 20 chromosomes

In diploid cell, 2 copies of chromosomes 1 are…

Homologous

If n=2 and cell undergoes mitosis, each daughter has

4 chromosomes

Which phase isn’t part of interphase

M phase

Which process occurs during prophase

Nucleus breaks down

Genes that destroy mutant cells are…

Tumor suppressor genes