Lecture General Content

What are the boundaries of the gluteal region?

iliac crest to gluteal fold

What are the boundaries of the thigh region?

hip joint to knee

What are the boundaries of the leg?

knee to ankle

What are the boundaries of the foot?

ankle to distal

What are the 4 components of synovial joints?

articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint cavity, joint capsule

What structures do ligaments connect? What about tendons?

bone to bone, bone to muscle

What are the 4 types of synovial joints?

uni axial, bi axial, multi axial, non axial

What does the lumbosacral joint connect?

L5 and S1

What does the sacroiliac joint connect?

lateral sacrum and medial iliac bones

What are the functions of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

limit anterior dislocation of the sacrum

What does the hip joint connect?

anterior femur and acetabulum

What ligament is located on the anterior hip? What is its function?

Iliofemoral ligament, limit hip extension

What ligament is located on the posterior hip? What is its function?

ischiofemoral ligament, stabilize hip joint

What is the fascia of the thigh called? What about the leg?

fascia lata, crural fascia

What is another word for a sensory nerve? Where are their cell bodies located?

afferent, outside of spine in ganglia

What is another word for motor nerve? Where are their cell bodies located?

efferent, in spine

What is the function of the PNS?

to bring sensory info to the CNS

What is the function of the CNS?

to intepret info from the PNE and make a motor response

what are the 5 components of a typical reflex arc?

receptor, afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuron, target organ

Are somatic functions under conscious control? What about autonomic?

yes, no

What is the autonomic function of spinal nerves?

sympathetic fight/flight

What is the autonomic function of cranial nerves?

parasympathetic rest and digest

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves are there?

8, 12, 5, 5

What are nerve plexuses composed of?

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

What spinal nerves make up the lumbosacral plexus?

L1-S4

What spinal nerves make up the femoral nerve?

L2-L4

What spinal nerves make up the obturator nerve?

L2-L4

What spinal nerves make up the superior gluteal nerve?

L4-S1

What spinal nerves make up the inferior gluteal nerve?

L5-S2

What accompanies deep veins?

venae comitantes

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

great and lesser saphenous veins

What are the functions of the patella?

decreasing friction, increase leverage, protects the joint, keeps quadriceps femoris tendon from fraying

What are the functions of the menisci?

increase articulation, shock absorber, decrease friction, allows for movement, increases joint stability

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

tibial plateau, tibial collateral ligament

What is the lateral meniscus attached to?

tibia

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

limit femur rotation, limit movement in the opposite direction

What is the specific function of the fibular collateral ligament?

limits adduction

What is the specific function of the tibial collateral ligament?

limits abduction

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments?

limits knee rotation, limits knee hyperextension

What is the specific function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

limits anterior tibia movement

What is the specific function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

limits posterior tibia movement

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Inguinal ligament, adductor longus, sartorius

What is inside of the femoral triangle?

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics

What are the 4 joints of the leg and ankle?

tibiofibular joint, talocrural joint, subtalar joint, transverse tarsal joint

What does the tibiofibular joint connect? What type of joint is it?

distal tibia to distal fibula, fibrous

What does the talocrural joint connect? What type of joint is it?

distal tibia and fibula to talus, synovial

What does the subtalar joint connect? What is it made of?

talus and calcaneus, synovial

What does the transverse joint connect? What type of joint is it?

calcaneus and cuboid, talus and navicular, synovial

What is the function of the medial collateral ligament in the foot?

limits foot eversion

What is teh function of the lateral collateral ligament in the foot?

limits inversion

What is the function of extensor retinaculum?

Prevent muscles bowstringing away from the bone