Global 9 - Age of Absolutism

What do you call a king or emperor who has total power in their country?

an absolute monarch

What idea meant that God chose royal rulers and gave them authority over their nations?

divine right

What are all of the areas that Charles V controlled?

1. Austria
2. Holy Roman Empire
3. Netherlands
4. Italy
5. Spain (& Spain's New World colonies)

What dynasty did Charles V belong to?

Hapsburg

What compromise did Charles V make with German princes allowing for religious freedom?

Peace of Augsburg

What does "abdicate" mean?

for a monarch to give up their throne

When Charles V abdicated, who did he split his kingdom between AND how were they related to him?

Ferdinand (his brother) and Philip II (his son)

What lands did Philip II inherit from Charles V?

1. Spain
2. Netherlands
3. New World Colonies
4. Italy

What was Philip II's policy on religion in his empire?

everyone had to be Catholic

In which of his territories did Philip II face a rebellion by Protestants? and What was the result of this conflict?

the Netherlands
result: half of the Netherlands became independent

What problem did the mass importing of gold from the New World to Spain cause?

inflation

What order of priests did Philip II send out to try to convert people to Catholicism?

Jesuits

What were the two regions that Philip sent these Jesuits to?

Europe and Latin America

What country did Philip II attempt to force back to Catholicism with his Spanish Armada?

England

What Protestant converted to Catholicism to become King of France?

Henry IV or Henry of Navarre

What saying did King Henry IV use to justify his conversion?

"Paris is worth a mass."

What dynasty did King Henry IV start?

Bourbon

After becoming king, what royal declaration of Henry IV showed toleration for Protestants?

The Edict of Nantes

What were French Calvinists called?

Huguenots

How did Henry IV of France die?

he was assassinated

Who became King of France at just 10 years old?

Louis XIII

Who really ran France as when King Louis XIII was too young to do so?

Cardinal Richelieu

What economic policy did France pursue during the Bourbon dynasty?

Mercantilism

What two major wars did King Louis XVI involve France in?

1. Thirty Years War
2. War of Spanish Succession

What was the result of these wars for France?

they bankrupted it

What action of Louis XIV showed his intolerance of Protestants?

he revoked the Edict of Nantes

Who had too flee France after Louis revoked the Edict of Nantes?

Huguenots (French Calvinists)

What nickname did Louis XIV give to himself?

"The Sun King"

What famous saying of Louis XIV referred to his absolute power?

"L'état c'est moi"
(I am the state)

What new palace did Louis XIV have built outside of Paris?

Versailles

What representative political body of France did Louis XIV never once call together to consult?

The Estates General

What was the dynasty of the Russian empire?

Romanov

The beginnings of the Russian Empire were found in what city-state?

Moscow

What was a Russian Emperor called?

tsar (or czar)

What Russian emperor attempted to Westernize and modernize his nation?

Peter the Great

What port/capital city did Peter the Great found and from what foreign nation did he seize the land it was built on?

St. Petersburg
land captured from Sweden

Who became "tsarina", or Russia's first empress?

Catherine the Great

What type of port did Catherine the Great gain for Russia and from what foreign nation did she seize the land for this port?

warm water port
Land captured from Ottoman Empire

What nation did Catherine of Russia invade and split up along with Austria and Prussia?

Poland

What was the dynasty of Prussia?

Hohenzollern

Prussia became independent after what European war?

Thirty Years War

What king greatly expanded Prussia's land?

Frederick the Great

What group of people did Frederick welcome into his country?

the Huguenots (from France)

What war did Frederick the Great win against Austria?

Seven Weeks War

What Muslim Empire conquered Constantinople and the Byzantines?

The Ottoman Empire

How did the Ottomans' gaining control of the Eastern Mediterranean affect European trade?

it forced Europeans to find sea routes to Asian goods

Who ruled the Ottoman Empire at the height of its power?

Suleiman the Magnificent

What were two accomplishments of Suleiman?

1. doubled size of Ottoman Empire
2. Public works (bridges, hospitals, mosques)