AMT 2102 - Midterms

In 1851, the French physicist Leon Foucault

devised a small wheel with a heavy outside rim.

When spun at a high speed, the wheel demonstrated the strange characteristic of remaining rigid in the plane in which it was spinning.

Gyroscopic Flight Instruments

instruments that have a mechanical gyroscope incorporated into their design.

Freely or Universally Mounted Gyroscope

free to rotate in any direction about its center of gravity.

Restricted or Semi-rigidly Mounted Gyroscopes

mounted so that one of the planes of freedom is held fixed in relation to the base

Rigidity in Space, Precession

Fundamental Properties of Gyroscopic Instruments

Gyroscope

Any spinning object exhibits gyroscopic properties. A wheel or rotor designed and

mounted to utilize these properties is called

Rigidity in Space

refers to the principle that a gyroscope remains in a fixed position in the plane in which it is spinning.

An example is that of a bicycle wheel.

Precession

tilting or turning of a gyro in response to a deflective force.

Precession

can cause a freely spinning gyro to become displaced from its intended plane of rotation through bearing friction, etc.

• Heading Indicator

• Attitude Indicator

• Turn Indicators

Instruments Using Gyroscope

Heading Indicator

• fundamentally a mechanical instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass

• Vacuum driven

• is not affected by the forces that make the magnetic compass difficult to interpret.

• depends upon the principle of rigidity in

  space.

Magnetometer

- magnetic slaving transmitter

Attitude Indicator

• formerly known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon

• informs the pilot of the aircraft’s orientation relative to Earth's

  horizon

Turn-and-Slip Indicator

Its gyro rotates in the vertical plane corresponding to the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.

Turn Coordinator

The gimbals is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn.

Navigational maps and charts

based on a grid system of latitude and longitude, with the geographic north and south poles and the equator being the references for this grid

• Magnetic compass

• Remote indicating compass

• Slaved gyro compass

Types of Direction Indicating Instruments

Magnetic Compass

• consists of a float, constant to a bar magnet.

• The flow meeting is filled with a liquid to ease the motion of the bar magnet suspended at the pivot.

• The main body is a cast aluminum housing with a glass lens

• Lubber line - vertical reference painted across the lens 

Inside the housing there is a small brass float , which rides on a low-friction post

Compass

an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction

relative to the geographic cardinal directions (or points).

EFIS

A typical ____ system consists of four interchangeable CRT displays and

their associated symbol generators.

Remote Indicating Compass

utilizes a detector unit (usually located in the wing tips) known as the flux valve, which senses the Earth’s magnetic field (William Gilbert (1540-1603)) and reduces it to a complex phase signal.

Remote Compass Transmitter

Electrically Connected

Slaved Gyro Compass

A heading indicator, combined with direction-sensing instrumentation, overcomes

the limitations of either a conventional magnetic compass or a gyroscopic heading

indicator without directional input.

Translation of Gyroscope in Greek

to view the Earth's rotation

Electronic Instruments

PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAYS (PFD)

NAVIGATION DISPLAYs (ND)

Strap Down

system contain no moving parts

Electronic Flight Instrument (EFIS)

Reduces instrument panel clutter by combining several instruments into one unit

Offer a moving map display with superimposed weather radar information

Center Symbol Generator

used as a redundancy check between the let and right systems

Symbol Generator

receives signals from the various instruments and navigational sensors located throughout the aircraft

Weather Radar Receiver/Transmitter

receives signals from the aircraft’s radar antenna and send information to both the pilot and copilot’s symbol generators.

Display Controller

allows the pilot to select the appropriate system configuration for the current fight situation

Advantage Of Display Controller

Greatly increased reliability

Reduced maintenance costs

Electronic Attitude Director Indicator (EAD)

Known as gyro horizon or artificial horizon Informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to earth’s horizon

Primary instrument for fight in instrument meteorological conditions

Presented in the unit degrees

Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI)

Evolved version of the horizontal situation indicator, which was born from the gyroscopic direction indicator or directional gyro

Heading Indicator

Useful Navigational information as possible

Electronic Systems Monitoring Displays (ESMD)

EFIS is a fight deck instrument display system that displays fight data electronically rather than electromechanically

EFIS models used cathode ray tube displays, but liquid crystal displays are now more common

Electronic Centralized Monitor (ECAM)

Known as engine indicating and crew alerting system (ElCAS)
Created by Boeing and Embraer

Displays concerning aircraft systems and also failures

Displayed corrective action to be taken by the plot

Produces messages detailing failures and list procedures to undertake to correct the problem

Engine Indicator and Crew Alerting System (EICAS)

Key function of glass cockpit system, which replaces all analog gauges with systems driven electronic displays

Used for navigation and orientation displays

Provide aircraft fight crew with instrumentation and crew annunciations for aircraft engines and other

EICAS equipped aircraft the Recommended remedial action” is called checklist

Outside Air Temperature (OAT)

To calculate true airspeed

Usually mounted near the top of the windscreen or out the side window beside the plot

Used in many calculations pertaining to flight planning

Consists of bimetallic type thermometer

Also called static air temperature

Clock

One of the most fundamental of instruments Used for timing flight maneuvers, and fuel consumption rate.

Checklist

EICAS equipped aircraft the Recommended remedial action” is called