AP ART HISTORY

#1 Apollo 11 stones

-Namibia, Africa
-25,500-25,300 B.C.E.
-Charcoal on stone
-Not sure what animal it is
-Found in rock shelter in the Huns mountains
-Buried on the floor of the cave

#2 Hall of the bulls

-Lascaux, France
-15,000-30,000 B.C.E.
-Paleolithic Europe
-Charcoal + pigment on stone
-Discovered in 1940
-Twisted profile
-One of the first paintings with a male in it

#3 Camelid Sacrum

-In the shape of a canine
-Tequixquiac, Mexico
-14,000-7,000 B.C.E.
-Made of bone
-Found by an engineer working on a drainage product

#4 Running Horned Woman

-Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria
-6,000-4,000 B.C.E
-Pigment on Rock
-Scale and perspective used

#5 Bushel with ibex motifs

-Susa, Iran
-4200-3500 BCE
-Painted terra cotta
-Made of clay
-Tiny detailed animals on pot
-Perspective is better

#6 Anthropomorphic stele

-4th millennium BCE
-Sandstone
-Arabian peninsula
-3ft tall
-Used to mark a grave
-3ft tall

#7 Jade cong

-Liangzhu, China
-3300-2200 BCE
-Carved Jade
-Carvings made by rubbing sand and wire
-Found in burial sites
-Made by rubbing sand and wire

#8 Stonehenge

-Wiltshire, UK
-Neolithic Europe
-2,500-1,600 B.C.E
-Sandstone
-Something to do with the cycles of the sun
-20-24ft tall
-50 tons

#9 The Ambum Stone

-Ambum Valley, Enga Province
-Papus, New Guinea
-1,500 B.C.E
-Greywacke
-Anteater
-Used to ground things up

#10 Tlatilco Female Figurine

-Central Mexico, site of Tlatilco
-1,200-900 B.C.E
-Ceramic
-2 faces and connected bodies were common on these figurines

#11 Terra Cotta Fragment

-Lapita Solomon Islands
-1,000 B.C.E
-Terra Cotta
-Made on volcanic islands
-Used a technique called dentate stamping

#12 White Temple and its Ziggurat

-Mudbrick + whitewash
-3200-3000 BCE
-Iraq
-Where you pray
-Handmade bricks
-City of Ur at the time

#13 Palette of King Narmer

-3000-2920 BCE
-Greywacke
-Egyptian
-The unification of 2 kingdoms
-So valuable, can't leave the country
-Used to mix makeup

#14 Statues of votive figures, from the Square Temple at
Eshnunna

-Iraq
-2700 BCE
-Gypsum with white shell + limestone
-Found 12 buried in a temple
-Big eyes to seem attentive
-Square curly beards were common

#15 Seated Scribe

-2620-2500 BCE
-Painted limestone
-Egyptian
-His eyes are made from partly crystal
-His name was cut off from the bottom
-Probably found by thieves looking for money

#16 Standard of Ur

-2600-2400 BCE
-Wood +stone inlays
-City of Ur
-For rulers
-Found in tombs for rulers
-Ur is present day Iraq

#17 the great pyramids of giza

-2550-2490 BCE
-Cut sandstone/limestone
-Egyptian
-Only of the 7 wonders still around today
-They used to be white

#18 King Menkaura and queen

-2490-2472 BCE
-Greywacke
-Egyptian
-They don't know if the women is the wife, mother,etc so that's why it says queen only
-Carved in little block forms like a graph

#19 Steele of Hammurabi

-Basalt
-1780 BCE
-Babylonian
-Steele refers to whole thing
-Code is the bottom
-The god is giving Hammurabi the code
-The bottom has writing

#20 Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

-Karnak
-1500-1250 BCE
-Sandstone, mudbrick
-12 central columns
-247 acres
-Angled to the sun

#21 Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

-c. 1473-1458 BCE
-rock cliff + red granite
-Causeway ramps
-Mourgue for Hatshepsut, female Pharaoh
-Built on a cliff

#22 Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters

-1353-1335 BCE
-Limestone
-Egyptian (Amarna period)
-Slim skinny people
-3 daughters in picture

#23 Innermost tomb of Tutankhamun

-1323 BCE
-Gold with inlay of enamel + semi precious stones
-Egyptian
-He was a pharaoh
-Innermost coffin, the third one

#24 Last judgement of Hu-Nefer

-c.1275 BCE
-painted papyrus scroll

#25 Lamassu from Sargon II

-Limestone
-721-705 BCE
-Assyrian
-For protection at the front doors
-Winged bulls with the head of a man

#26 Athenian Agora

-600 BCE
-150 CE
-Stone, Marble
-Greek
-Meeting place, city center
-Athenian men went there
-Originally made as a place for markets, but later on added government things and temples.

#27 Anavysos Kouros

-Archaic Greek
-530 BCE
-Marble+paint
-Kouros means young man
-Gravestone marker
-Archaic period

#28 Peplos Kore from the Acropolis

-530 BCE
-Marble with paint
-Archaic Greek
-Kore means female figure clothed
-Found om the Acropolis
-Not sure what she is wearing, she may be a goddess

#29 The sarcophagus of spouses

-Etruscan
-Terra cotta
-520 BCE
-Top comes off
-Shows man and women (uncommon)
-Archaic smile
-Found in acropolis

#30 Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes

-Persepolis, Iran
-520-465 BCE
-Limestone
-72 columns
-24 meters tall

#31 Temple of Minerva + Apollo sculpture

-c.510-500 BCE
-Original temple wood, mudbrick,tufa
-Terra cotta sculpture
-Etruscan
-3 chellas
-Archaic smile

#32 Tomb of the Triclinium

-Etruscan
-c. 480-470 BCE
-Tufa + Fresco
-Extremely painted
-Had a door (door to the afterlife)

#33 Niobides Krater

-460-450 BCE
-Clay, red figure technique
-Greek
-Mixing dish for water and wine
-Attic red figure
-Apollo and Artemis are killing 14 people because their mother said they were better than them.

#34 Doryphoros (spear bearer)

-Original bronze (marble copy)
-Polykleitos
-450-440 BCE
-He's relaxed
-Used to hold a spear

#35 The Acropolis

-Athens Greece
-Iktinos+Kallikrates
-447-424 BCE
-Marble
-Temple dedicated to goddess Athena
-Poseidon & Athena offer a gift to Athens and they choose Athena's gift. Thats why the city is called Athens.
-Inside was a giant sculpture of Athena

#36 Grave Stele of Hegeso

-Marble + paint
-c.410 BCE
-Attributed of Kallimachos
-Greek
-Low relief
-Grave stone
-Shows private life of a female (women were modest)

#37 Winged Victory of Samothrace

-Hellenistic Greece
-c. 190
-Marble
-Commemorate a famous naval battle they won
-On the front of a marble ship
-Goddess of victory

#38 Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

-Hellenistic Greece
-c.175 BCE
-Marble
-High relief

#39 House of the Vettii

-Pompeii, Italy
-Roman 2nd century
-Stone + Fresco

#40 Alexander Mosaic

-310 BCE
-From the house of Faun
-Roman
-c.100 BCE (Roman Copy)
-Tiny pieces of glass
-Million and a half pieces of glass.

#41 Seated Boxer

-Bronze
-100 BCE
-Hellenistic Greek
-He has bruises and blood
-Just finished boxing someone
-Looking up at the victor

#42 Head of a Roman Patrician

-Republican Roman
-c. 75-50 BCE
-Marble
-One of the fathers of a house
-Shows imperfections

#43 Augustus of Prima Porta

-Imperial
-Early 1st century CE
-Marble
-Idealized figure
-Augustus had this sculpture made
-Armor on his chest
-God of air and goddess of earth on his armor
-Has a toga, represents the senate
-Cupid at his feet

#44 Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

-Rome Italy
-70-80 CE
-Stone + Concrete
-50,000 people can fit
-Statues of famous people/gods at the time
-Sand on the floor to soak the blood
-16 stories high
-Earthquake broke part of it

#45 Forum of Trajan

-Roman
-Apollodorus of Damascus
-106-112 CE
-Brick+ concrete
-Column completed in 133 CE
-Marble
-Column of trajan was in it

#46 The Pantheon

-Imperial Roman
-118-125 CE
-Concrete + Marble, stone, veneer, brick
-Pantheon means all of the gods
-Made for all the gods
-Front was a temple
-Giant dome on top
-Oculus at top of dome

#47 Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

-Late imperial Rome
-c. 250 CE
-Marble
-High relief
-Battle scene
-Central figure in the middle, supposedly julius caesar
-Classical
-Tomb

#48 Catacombs of Priscilla

-Rome
-c.200-400 CE
-Excavated Tufa+Fresco
-Underground networks graves
-loculi (body chamber)
-4 million bodies buried in catacombs in rome
-5 levels deep

#49 Santa Sabina

-Rome, Italy
-Brick+stone with wood roof
-c. 422-432 CE
-First church that survived after saint peters
-Still used as a church today

#50 Rebecca and Eliezer and the well and Jacob wrestling the Angel from the Vienna Genesis

-Byzantine
-Early 6th century
-Illuminated Manuscript (pigment on vellum)
-Represents holy writing
-made of vellum, stretched out animal skin
-used to be died purple
-expensive, made more someone expensive

#51 San vitale + Theodora Mosaic

-Ravenna, Italy
-Brick,Marble,Stone
-526-547 CE
-Mosaic (tessera)
-Byzantine art often have gold sky & halos
(gold sky represent heavens & halo represents holy)

#52 Hagia Sophia

-Constantinople
- (Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus Miletus)
- 532-537 CE
- Brick+ ceramic elements with stone + mosaic veneer)
-Originally a christian church
-Used as a museum now
-pendentive helps distribute weight
-Put windows in the dome to make it feel light

#53 Merovingian looped fibulae

-Early Medieval Europe
-Mid 6th century
-Brooches/clasp to hold your cloak
-Sometimes made in zoomorphic forms

#54 Virgin (theotokos) + child between

-St. Theodore + George
-Europe
-6th or ealy 7th century
-Encaustic on wood
-Mary-mother of god
-Hot wax and paint on wood

#55 Lindisfarne Gospels

-Early Medieval
-Illuminated manuscript
-c. 700 CE
-Ink, pigments, gold, on vellum
-cross in the middle

#56 Great Mosque of Cordoba

-Cordoba Spain
-785-786
-Stone, Masonry
-acceptance of religion
-originally roman temple of jupiter
-mihrab-focal point

#57 Pyxis of al-Mughira

-Ivory
-c.968
-Umayyad
-gift for a prince
-cylindrical box
-pyxides^

#58 Church of Sainte Foy

-1050-1130
-Conques, France
-Stone
-remains of a child killed for religious reasons inside covered in gold
-held a releck ^

#59 Bayeux Tapestry

-Romanesque Europe
-c. 1066-1080 CE
-Embroidery
-shows first norman king of England
-70 meters long 50 centimeters long
-telling stories in latin
-75 different scenes in it

#60 Chartres Cathedral

-1145-1153
1194-1220
-Limestone
-Chartres, France
-apartments & cafes around it
-groin vault
-sculptures in archivolts
-jamb figures
-rose windows

#61 Dedication page of castile + king louis IX of France +scenes from the Apocalypse

-c.1226-1234
-Illuminated manuscript
-Ink, tempera, + gold leaf on vellum
-giving bible to her son
-guy on bottom left is a munk
-gold leaf on backround

#62 Rottgen Pieta

-Late Medieval Europe
-c. 1300-1325
-Painted wood
-Mary holding jesus after being taken off the cross
-meant to remind you that your life isn't as bad as jesus'

#63 Arena Chapel

-Padua, Italy
-1303
-Brick
-Jato painted inside the chapel
-fresco
-jato was one of first renaissance painter

#64 The Golden Haggadah

-Laté medieval spain
-c. 1320
-Illuminated manuscript pigment on vellum
-wealthy family had it made
-For jewish holidays

#65 Alhambra palace

-Grenada, Spain
-1354-1391
-Whitewash Adobe stucco, tile, marble, wood
-was constantly being added
-alhambra-red in arabic
-fortress
-poetry was inspiration of the palace
-

#66 Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)

-Oil on wood
-Workshop of Robert Campin
-1427-1432
-3 panels
-early renaissance
-made to sell it
-2ft tall
-can be folded up

#67 Pazzi Chapel

-Florence, Italy
-Brunelleschi
-Masonry
-1429-1461
-Dome on top
-meeting place for monks and the family who owned it
-little holes in the dome for light

#68 The Arnolfini Portrait

-Jan van Eyck
-c. 1434
-Oil on wood
-wire thing on stomach to make her look pregnant/fat to represent wealth

#69 David

-Donatello
-Bronze
-1440-1460
-hollow
-standing on severed head on goliath

#70 Palazzo Rucellai

-Florence, Italy
-Leon, Battista Alberti
-1450
-Stone, masonry
-different levels to house different parts of the family
-4 floors

#71 Madonna and Child with Two Angels

-Fra Filippo Lippi
-c. 1465
-Tempera on wood
-madonna refers to virgin mary
-baby is jesus
-fra was a monk(friar) but he was bad
-painted frame

#72 Birth of Venus

-Sandro Botticelli
-1484-1486
-Tempera on Canvas
-goddess of beauty
-idealized beautiful person
-based on a poem

#73 Last Supper

-Leonardo Da Vinci
-c. 1494-1498
-Oil and Tempra
-15 ft tall and 30 ft long
-one point perspective
-Christ just told them "one of you will betray me" so all of them are looking around, asking questions, etc and christ is just reaching for bread.
-Judas is the one who will betray him, he is reaching for the silver and about to leave
-he painted three people at a time, mathematically

#74 Fall of man (Adam + Eve)

-Albrecht durer
-Engraving
-1504 CE
-painted on a metal plate with ink then pressed onto canvas or whatever
-they used male models that why mary looks like a guy
-

#75 Sistine Chapel ceiling and Alter wall

-Michael Angelo
-Ceiling: 1508- Alter wall: 1512, 1536-1541
-Fresco
-Delphic Sybil + the flood
-Michael Angelo painted nude figures and the cardinals didn't like that they thought nude figures were inappropriate so he painted a picture of one of the cardinals on fire with a snake biting him
-used by pope and cardinals to elect new pope

#76 School of Athens

-Raphael
-1509-1511
-Fresco
-plato and aristotle in the middle
-leonardo's face is painted on plato
-one point perspective
-originally called "wall of philosophy"

#77 Isenheim Altarpiece

-1512-1516
-Oil on wood
-Mathias Grunewald
-2 healers on right and left
-it unfolds

#78 Entombment of Christ

-1525-1528
-Oil on wood
-Jacopo Da Pontormo
-mannerism
-elongated bodies and smaller heads
-jesus is being lowered from the cross

#79 Allegory of Law and Grace

-1530
-Lucas Chanach the elder
-Woodcut
-555
-allegory-story that has symbolic meaning
-basically like a stamp
-what's happening in religion at the time
-showing beliefs in the protestants and catholics

#80 Venus of Urbino

-1538
-Oil on canvas
-Titian
-made more duke of Urbino
-standardized way to depict nude women from this point on
-*quartazine (don't know how to spell): basically a hoe
-chub was considered attractive

#81 Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza

-1541-1542
-Pigment on paper
-viceroyalty of New Spain
-2 rivers crossing is the x
-front page of the codex mendoza
-71 page book
-Antonio de Mendoza, commissioned a codex to record information about the Aztec empire.

#82 II Gesu, including Triumph of the Name of Jesus ceiling fresco

-Rome, Italy
-(architect) Giovanni Battisto/ Gaulli(Artist)
-Facade (1568-1584)- fresco + stucco (1676-1679)
-Brick, marble, stucco, and fresco
-church/cathedral
-baroque time period
-fresco inside
-fresco is of the last judgement
-fresco has gold

#83 Hunters in the Snow

-1565
-Oil on wood
-Peter Bruegel the Elder
-commissioned by a rich person
-model for later land western painters
-city in frozen(the movie) Arendell

#84 Mosque of Selim II

-Sinan the Great
-1568-1575
-Brick + stone
-Sinan the Great was like the michelangelo of architecture
-Sinans goal was to create better architecture than other religions architecture, he was islamic
-blue and white dome

#85 Calling of Saint Matthew

-Cathedral chapel
-Rome,Italy
-Caravaggio (artist)
-1597-1691
-oil on canvas (southern italy usually is oil on canvas) (northern renaissance usually oil on wood)
-have to put a coin in to see the painting
-Jesus in picture
-dramatic shading

#86 Henry iv receives the portrait of marie de medici

-Peter paul reubens
-1621-1625
-Oil on canvas
-henry had this painted so he could show a women he wanted to marry (kinda like tinder)
-top left is zeus and hera
-he is in the painting looking at a portrait of marie de medici, the girl he wants to marry

# 87 Self-Portrait with Saskia

-Dutch painter, Rembrandt
-Etching
-1636

#88 San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

-Francesco Borromini
-1638-1698
-Rome

#89 Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

-Gian lorenzo Bernini
-Marble stucco + gilt
-Bronze chapel
-c. 1647-1652
-Rome, Italy

#90 Angel with Arquebus

-The master of colomored
-Oil on canvas
-c. 17 century

#91 Las Meninas

-Diego Velazquez
-c. 1656
-Oil on canvas
-dwarf, male escort, and artist who painted this is in it
-inspired by caravaggio
-Diego Velazquez believed artists were higher level thinkers
-Diego is in the painting, painting the painting we are looking at.

#92 Woman Holding a Balance

-Johannes vermeer
-1664
-Oil on canvas
-about balance
-holding a scale that weighs gold
-balance of light and dark
-her headscarf shows humility
-mirror symbolizes vanity
-done for decorative purposes not religious

#93 The Palace of Versailles

-Begun in 1669
-Louis le vau + jules hardouin mansart
-Sculpture (Apollo Fountain)
-Hall of mirrors- reception room
-originally a hunting lodge
-seperate apartments for king and queen
-added on to several times
-royal chamber added and opera house
-lous xvi
-napoleon, louis xviii, someone else added stuff
-gardens

#94 Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene

-1697-1701
-Tempera, resin on wood, shell inlay
-Circle of the Gonzales family
-one of the screens that you change behind (biombo)
-tells a story
-2 sided
-one side more political one more social
-from mexico
-inspired by japanese biombo

#95 The Virgin of Guadalupe

-Miguel Gonzalez
-1698
-Oil on Canvas
-Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe.
-Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City
-inlaid with mother-of-pearl

#96 Fruit and Insects

-Rachel Ruysch
-Oil on wood
-1711
-still life
-female artist
-contrast in colors

#97 Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo

-Oil on canvas
-Juan Rodriguez Juarez
-1715
-series of paintings
Form:
-casta painting (displays mother, father, and child) possibly modeled after the Holy Family
-text is the title of the piece
-enlightenment
Content:
-woman wearing traditional Indian clothing and white father with their mixed race son (Father wearing French-style European clothing)
-servant carrying the son
-family appears content
-racial purity=whiteness
Function:
-displays social status (tied up in one's racial makeup)- helped maintain European power and control
Context:
-artist: Juan Rodriguez Juarez
-1715 CE (height of slave trade)

#98 The Tete a Tete, from Marriage a la Mode

-William Hogarth
-1743
-Oil on canvas

#99 Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

-Miguel Cabrera
-c. 1750 C.E.
-Oil on canvas
-she is a writer
-painted after her death, artist did not know her
-influenced by saint jerome
-A nun so she could focus on her studies and not men
-went against what mexican women at the time were supposed to do
-first feminist of the Americas
-studied science, wrote poems and plays, engaged in theological debates
-born to creole family
-looked down on
-church and convent supported her
-in library
-gave up her intellectual pursuits because of hate and helped sick people in epidemic, ends up dying
-wears habbot, and nuns badge
-badges usually display virgin mary, they are painted
-book is by saint jerome
-red color shows rank and high status

#100 A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery

-Joseph Wright of Derby
-c. 1763-1765 C.E.
-Oil on canvas
-enlightenment displayed
-industrial revolution
-dramatic candle lit scene
-candle displays sun, circle thing displayed world
-red shows authority
-guy in red is lecturing
-people listening