Lecture_1_-classification_of_matter

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Compound

A substance formed by combining two or more different elements through chemical bonds, having a constant composition with a specific formula.

Mixture

Combination of two or more elements and/or compounds that can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout, also called a solution, with no visibly distinguishable parts.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a non-uniform composition that has visibly distinguishable parts.

Physical Change

A change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance; usually involves a change in state.

Chemical Change

A change involving the making or breaking of chemical bonds, resulting in the formation of new substances.

Hypothesis

A possible explanation for an observation that can be tested through experimentation.

Law

A statement that summarizes a relationship observed in nature, often expressed mathematically.

Theory

A well-tested explanation of natural phenomena based on a set of verified hypotheses.

Periodic Table of Elements

A table that organizes all known elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element, consisting of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Element

A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge through observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and theory.