AICE PHy6sics with Definitions

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Constant speed

speed, distance, time, meters/second (m/s), meters (m), seconds (s), s = d/t

Constant velocity

velocity, displacement, time, v = Δx/t

Acceleration

acceleration, change in velocity, time, meters/second2 (m/s2), a = Δv/t

Kinematics with constant acceleration

final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, time, meters/second (m/s), meters/second2 (m/s2), seconds (s), vf = vo + at

Kinematics with constant acceleration

final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, displacement, meters/second (m/s), meters/second2 (m/s2), seconds (s), meters (m), vf 2 = vo 2 + 2aΔx

Vertical motion with constant gravity

acceleration, time, displacement, meters (m), Δx = vot + ½ at2

Forces and acceleration

Sum of forces in one dimension, mass, acceleration, Newton (N), kilogram (kg), meters/second2 (m/s2), ΣF = ma

Weight

weight, mass, gravity, w = mg

Friction

Friction force, coefficient of friction, normal force, Newton (N), no unit, Newton (N), Ff = µFN

Normal force with an angled pull

Normal force, mass, gravity, angle (Ɵ), FN = mg ± sinƟ

Force of gravity on an Incline (parallel component)

component of weight parallel to incline, angle of incline, mass, gravity, Newton (N), degrees (°), kilogram (kg), meters/second2 (m/s2), wx = sinθmg

Force natural on an incline (perpendicular component)

component of weight perpendicular to incline, angle of incline, mass, gravity, Newton (N), degrees (°), kilogram (kg), meters/second2 (m/s2), wy = FN = cosθmg

Static equilibrium (horizontal)

sum of horizontal forces, Newton (N), ∑Fx = 0

Static equilibrium (vertical)

sum of vertical forces, Newton (N), ∑Fy = 0

Static equilibrium (torque)

sum of torques (moments of inertia), Newton meter (Nm), ∑τ = 0

Torque (Moments of Inertia)

torque, force, perpendicular distance from axis, angle (θ), Newton meter (Nm), Newton (N), meter (m), τ = Fdsinθ

Work

work, force, distance (parallel to force), angle (θ), Joule (J), N, m, W = Fdcosθ

Kinetic energy

kinetic energy, mass, velocity, Joule (J), kilogram (kg), meters/second(m/s), KE = ½ mv2

Gravitational potential energy

potential energy (PEg or U), mass, gravity, height, Joules, PEg = mgh

Spring (elastic) potential energy

spring potential energy (PEs), spring constant, position from equilibrium, J, Newton/meter (N/m), meter (m), PEs = ½ kx2

Work by non-conservative forces

Work (WNC), non-conservative force, distance, friction (Ff), coefficient of friction (µ), normal force (FN), J, N, m, WNC = FNCd

Conservation of mechanical energy

Total mechanical energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, initial total energy, final total energy, Joule (J), EMECH = PEg + PEs + KE ; ETi = ETf

Conservation of total energy

total energy, potential energy, spring potential energy, kinetic energy, work done by non-conservative forces, Joule (J), ET = PEg + PEs + KE + WNC

Spring force

spring force (Fs), spring constant, position from equilibrium, Newton (N), Newton/meter (N/m), meter (m), Fs = -kx

Young Modulus

Young Modulus (E), Stress, Strain, Force (F), Area (a), Change in Length (ΔL), Original Length (L), Stress has unit of Pascal (Pa), Strain has no unit, Young modulus unit: Pa, E=Stress/Strain, Stress=F/a, Strain=ΔL/L

Power

power (P), total change in energy (ΔET), time (t), Watts (W) or Joule/second (J/s), Joule (J), P = ΔET / t

Constant velocity power

power (P), force (F), velocity (v), work (W), time (t), distance (d), Watts (W) or Joule/second (J/s), P = Fv, P = W/t = Fd/t

Work – kinetic energy theorem

work (Wnet), change in kinetic energy (ΔKE), Joule (J), Wnet = ΔKE

Momentum

momentum (p), mass (m), velocity (v), kilogram meter/second (kg m/s), p = mv

Newton’s 2nd Law with momentum

force (ΣF), change in momentum (Δp), time (t), Newton(N), Newton second (Ns), second (s), ΣF = Δp /t

Impulse

impulse (J or Ft), change in momentum (Δp), force (F), time (t), Newton second (Ns) or (kg m/s), J = Ft = Δp

Elastic collision

mass 1 (m1), velocity 1 (v1), mass 2 (m2), velocity 2 (v2), velocity 1 after collision (v1’), velocity 2 after collision (v2’), kilogram (kg), meters/second (m/s), m1v1 +m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

Rare Equation (Elastic collision relative velocity)

velocity 1 before collision (v1), velocity 2 before collision (v2), velocity 2 after collision (v2’), velocity 1 after collision (v1’), meters/second (m/s), v1 – v2 = v2’ – v1’

Perfectly inelastic collision

mass 1 (m1), velocity 1 (v1), mass 2 (m2), velocity 2 (v2), combined mass (m1 + m2), final velocity (vf), kilogram (kg), meters/second (m/s), m1v1 +m2v2 = (m1 + m2)vf

Density

density (ρ), mass (m), volume (V), kilogram/meter3 (kg/m3), kg, m3, ρ = m / V

Percent submerged (Specific Gravity)

percent submerged (%sub), density object (ρobject), density of fluid (ρfluid), percent (%), kg/m3, kg/m3, %sub = ρobject / ρfluid

Pressure

pressure (P), force (F), area (A), Pascals (Pa), Newton (N), meter2 (m2), P = F / A

Pressure at a depth (Gauge Pressure)

gauge pressure (PG), density of fluid (ρfluid), gravity (g), depth (h), Pascals (Pa), kg/m3, meters/second2 (m/s2), meter, PG = ρfluidgh

Total Pressure (including Atmosphere)

Total Pressure (PTotal), Atmospheric Pressure (PATM), Gauge Pressure (PG), Pascals (Pa), PTotal = PATM + PG

Buoyant force / Upthrust

Buoyant force/Upthrust (FB), density of fluid (ρfluid), volume of fluid displaced (V), gravity (g), Newton (N), kg/m3, meter3 (m3), meters/second2 (m/s2), FB = ρfluidVg

Maximum mass of a floating object

density of fluid (ρf), volume of object (Vo), maximum mass (mmax), kg/m3, meter3 (m3), kg, ρfVo = mmax

Velocity of a wave

velocity (v), frequency (f), wavelength (λ), meters/second (m/s), Hertz (Hz), meter (m), v = fλ OR λ = v/f

Speed of electromagnetic waves

speed of light in vacuum (c), frequency (f), wavelength (λ), meters/second (m/s), Hertz (Hz), meter (m), c = fλ

Double slit diffraction (angle)

slit separation (d), angle of diffraction (Ө), order of spot (m), wavelength (λ), meter (m), degrees (°), meter (m), d sinӨ = mλ

Double slit diffraction (linear distance)

distance between slits (d), distance between spots (ymax), distance from slits to screen (L), order of spot (m), wavelength (λ), meter (m), d (ymax/L) ≈ mλ

Polarization Intensity

intensity (I), original intensity (Io), angle between polarizing filters (Ө), Watts/meter2 (W/m2), degrees (°), I = Io cos2Ө

Intensity proportional to Amplitude

Intensity (I), Amplitude, I α Amplitude2

Intensity proportional to Power

Intensity (I), Power, I α Power

Current

current (I), charge (∆Q), time (t), Ampere (A), Coulomb (C), second (s), I = ∆Q / t

Ohm’s Law

current (I), voltage (ΔV), resistance (R), Ampere (A), Volt (V), Ohm (Ω), I = ΔV / R

Resistance of a wire

resistance (R), resistivity constant (ρ), length of wire (L), area of wire (A), Ω, Ohm meter (Ωm), m, m2, R = ρ (L / A)

Power in a circuit or resistor

power (P), current (I), voltage (ΔV), W or J/s, A, V, P = IΔV

Power in a circuit or resistor

power (P), current (I), resistance (R), W or J/s, A, Ω, P = I2R

Power in a circuit or resistor

power (P), voltage (V), resistance (R), W or J/s, V, Ω, P = V2 / R

Kirchoff Law (Example)

Voltage (V), Current (I), Resistor 1 (R1), Resistor 2 (R2), V, V, A, Ω, V=IR1+IR2

Kirchoff Law (EMF)

Electromotive force (Emf), Current, Resistor, Emf = Current

Electrical current (Drift Velocity)

Current (I), Area (A), number of electrons (n), drift speed (v), Charge (q), I=Anvq