Unit 6 Vocab

Central Place Theory

Central Place Theory

Interaction between a city and the surrounding towns, villages, hamlets, etc.

Metacity

City with a population higher than 20 million people.

Megacity

City with a population higher than 10 million people.

Boomburb

Large, suburban areas outgrowing the population of the city.

Threshold

Number of people needed to support a good /service.

global influence

World (Global) City- City having a large, global influence in economy, information, technology, etc.

Urban Sprawl

Urban areas growing uncontrollably /chaotically.

Urban Area

A city and the suburban areas around it

Metropolitan Area

City and surrounding economically/culturally influenced areas

Urban Sprawl

Urban areas growing uncontrollably/chaotically

Edge City

Large, commercial center cities on the outside of a larger city; more offices than beds

Boomburb

Large, suburban areas outgrowing the population of the city

Infill

Redeveloping old, empty areas for transportation, etc

Rank-Size Rule

Ranking cities in an urban city based on population size; nth largest city will have 1/n population of the largest city

Primate City

Largest city in a country is more than 2 times the population of the 2nd largest city; causes uneven development

Central Place Theory

Interaction between a city and the surrounding towns, villages, hamlets, etc

Threshold

Number of people needed to support a good/service

Range

How far people are willing to travel for a specific good/service

High Order

Expensive/Luxury goods/services, less common purchases; High threshold+range

Low Order

Common/Daily purchases, Low threshold+range

Megacity

City with a population higher than 10 million people

Metacity

City with a population higher than 20 million people

World(Global) City

City having a large, global influence in economy, information, technology, etc

Burgess Concentric Model

Outward expanding rings around a CBD; Follows bid-rent theory; Wealthy on periphery, Lower class near CBD

Hoyt Sector Model

Using wedges to group classes together, edges of wedges follow transportation routes of street cars

Harris and Ullman Multiple-Nuclei Model

Use of functional regions with different nodes around a CBD; Similar industries group together to create clusters in model; Wealthy locate far from industry; use of automobiles allows further spread from CBD

Lewis Galactic City Model

Includes use of exurbs and highways which allows even further spread from CBD and lowers importance of the CBD; Urban sprawl increases as suburbanization from wealthy increases

Latin American City Model

Based on sector model; CBD made of traditional and modern markets, use of a spine extending from CBD to edge city where wealthy live along; includes disamenity zones and squatter settlements; wealth decreases from CBD

Disamenity Zones

Very poor areas with bad sites(uneven ground, slopes, landfills, etc.)

Squatter Settlements

Rundown, unstable, temporary homes housing poor/overcrowded populations; built during times of mass urbanization

African City Model

Based on concentric with 3 CBDs(Colonial established, Retail Stores, Open Markets) Squatter settlements in periphery ring; wealthy live closer to CBDs

Southeast Asian Model

No CBD, based around a port Many different nuclei/zones(Ports, Intensive Market Gardening, Western Commercial, Alien Commercial, Mixed Land Use) -Larger suburban areas than Latin America + Africa

Zoning

Sectioning land for specific purposes by the government Ex: Industry only, residential only , mixed, etc.

Ecological Footprint

Impact of cities on environment

Walkability

How safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk to places

Mixed Use Development(MUD)

Having multiple industries relatively close to each other; increases walkability and reduces need for cars; more sustainable

Transportation-Oriented Development

Centering an MUD, walkable city around transit; Encourages more use of public transportation and reduces need for cars

Smart-Growth Policies

Using MUD to reduce CO2 emissions, improves sustainability

Mixed Use Zoning

Allowing multiple land uses in a zone/building

Traditional Zoning

Separating industries into different areas

New Urbanism

Similar thought to smart-growth; includes multiple public transit options, recreates sense of place in cities, limits urban expansion

Slow-Growth

Cities focused on reducing the rate of urban growth/expansion -Sustains sense of place and identity of cities

Urban Growth Boundary

Setting a border to separate urban growth+rural areas; limit city expansion

Greenbelts

Ring of open, green area where urban development in prohibited -Limits urban growth, promotes nature+greenery

De Facto Segregation

Separation of races in housing patterns due to gentrification and redevelopment, not direct prejudice -Gentrification of properties increases value of the surrounding properties raising taxes → forces lower income residents to move out

Redlining

Discriminatory practice of banks refusing to give loans for properties to certain areas within a city, usually targeting certain racial groups in those areas -Makes renting/buying housing in those areas very difficult

Blockbusting

Scaring white home owners to sell houses at low value to “escape“ incoming minorities; encouraging minorities to buy for higher values

Inclusionary Zoning

Setting a minimum number of houses at an affordable price; benefits low income+prejudiced demographics

Land Tenure

Legal rights of owning land -Lack of land tenure causes squatter settlements

Environmental Injustice

Minorities+poor are exposed to environmental issues(Air pollution, contaminated water, etc.) -Caused from housing locations near industry where land is cheaper

Urban Renewal

Movement in 1950’s-60’s tearing old, destroyed buildings down and replaced them with better quality in urban areas -Included building of interstates and national highways

Brownfields

Old, abandoned, and polluted industrial sites in an urban area -Remediation of areas help redevelop sites for sustainable uses