Clinical practices 1 unit 2 exam review

Route of drug administration

how you administer a drug, how it enters the body

parenteral route

any other route than GI

non parenteral route

through the GI tract

intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular

3 most common routes of injectable meds

larger the needle bore

smaller gauge size

smaller needle bore

larger gauge size

gauge

size of bore of needle

intravenous route

rapid absorption, used for drugs or fluids that must reach high blood levels rapidly

cephalic, medial saphenous, and jugular

frequently used IV sites

intramuscular route

used for small volumes, absorbed slower than IV, but faster than SQ

hamstring muscles

IM frequently used sites

subcutaneous route

most common route for vaccine administration, slower absorption rate than IM

dorsolateral region of the body, between the shoulder blades to the hips

sites for SQ injections

topical application of meds

applied to surface of skin and mm

topical eye meds

liquid drops and ointments

non parenteral meds

liquids, tablets, capsules

fluids, biologics, medications, and test agents

purpose of injections

disinfect the work area, check the drug label

prior to injecting you do what?

make a tent, and aspirate!!!

before injecting what should you do?

jugular

most ideal for larger volumes

cephalic

small volumes

saphenous

lateral (dogs) medial(cats)

patient size, vein size, sample volume

when selecting needle and syringe size

butterfly catheter

cephalic or saphenous is used for what tool? ideal to help prevent vein collapse

vacutainer system

jugular is best with this tool but can be used with peripheral vessels

proper restraint

what is essential for safe, low stress successful blood collection

peripheral venipuncture

insert needle into occluded vessel as distally as possible

cephalic blood collection

sitting, sternal, or lateral restraint can be used for this method

saphenous blood collection

lateral restraint is used for this method

medial saphenous or femoral blood collection

scruff at neck, and place into lateral restraint, abduct upper leg and flex to expose medial bottom leg, hold tail in same hand as upper leg, apply pressure in a downward motion with same hand that is abducting upper leg to distend vessel

jugular blood collection

the "go to" vein, sitting, standing, or sternal restraint, hold around the muzzle or with both hands by grasping gently under the jaw and lifting up

jugular blood collection

in lateral restraint, hold both front legs with one hand and extend head up with the other, may need 2 holders for this method

detach needle from syringe, remove stopper from tube before blood is transferred

after blood collection do what?

replace stopper quickly, gently invert to mix, avoid vigorous shaking, tube should be at least half filled with blood for appropriate ratio

after blood collection do what with anticoagulant tubes

marginal ear venipuncture

purpose is to check for erythroparasites, monitor blood pressure