Cambridge O Level Physics 5054 Revision Flashcards

Flashcards based on topics covered in the Cambridge O Level Physics syllabus, aiding in revision and concept understanding.

What is defined as a measure of the quantity of matter in an object?

Mass.

What does the equation for speed state?

Speed = distance/time.

What is the unit of electric current?

Amperes (A).

What is Newton's first law?

An object either remains at rest or continues to move in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by a resultant force.

What is acceleration defined as?

Change in velocity per unit time.

Name one type of energy that can be stored.

Kinetic energy.

What does the equation for work done state?

Work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force.

What does pressure refer to?

Force per unit area.

What is defined as the energy required to change the state of a substance?

Latent heat.

What is the main function of a transformer?

To increase or decrease voltage levels.

What type of waves transfer energy without transferring matter?

Waves.

What do the terms amplitude and wavelength refer to in wave physics?

Amplitude is the maximum distance from the mean position; wavelength is the distance between two consecutive, identical points.

State the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration according to Newton's second law.

Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).

What is meant by the term 'electromagnetic induction'?

The process of generating current in a circuit using a changing magnetic field.

In terms of atomic structure, what does an atom consist of?

A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

What is the term used for the time taken for half the nuclei of an isotope to decay?

Half-life.

What does the principle of moments state?

For an object in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about a pivot equals the sum of anticlockwise moments.

What is defined as force per unit area?

Pressure.

What is the danger associated with excess current in a circuit?

Overheating cables and potential fire hazards.

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between stores.

What does the term 'decibel' relate to in acoustics?

A logarithmic unit used to measure sound intensity.

State the components of a transverse wave.

Crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude.

What is the primary energy source for stars?

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium.

What does it mean for a magnet to be 'induced'?

A temporary magnet created when a material becomes magnetised in the presence of a magnetic field.

How is light from distant galaxies used to support the Big Bang theory?

The observed redshift indicates that galaxies are moving away from Earth, suggesting that the Universe is expanding.