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These flashcards cover key concepts related to factors affecting solubility, including thermodynamic processes and interactions involved in solution formation.

Heat of Hydration

The energy change associated with the interaction between water molecules and ions from the solute.

Endothermic Process

A process that absorbs heat, resulting in a positive change in enthalpy (ΔH > 0) when bonds are broken.

Exothermic Process

A process that releases heat, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy (ΔH < 0) when bonds are formed.

Ion-Dipole Interactions

Attractive forces that occur between an ion and a polar molecule, essential for hydration.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than can theoretically dissolve at a given temperature; unstable.

Henry’s Law

States that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

Lattice Energy

The energy associated with the formation of a crystalline lattice from gaseous ions, typically exothermic.