The endocrine system and reproductive hormones

What is defined as ‘a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried in the bloodstream and alters the activity of specific organs’

A hormone

Once a hormone has been used, it is destroyed by the ___

Liver

Hormone effects are (slower/faster) than those of the nervous system and last for a (longer/shorter) period of time.

Slower, longer

What is the proper name of the ‘master gland’

The pituitary gland

Where is the pituitary gland found?

In the brain

Where is thyroxine produced?

The thyroid gland

Which hormone controls the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy?

Thyroxine

Low thyroxine levels stimulate the ___ to release TRH which then stimulates the __ __ to release TSH, causing the thyroid to release thyroxine

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Normal levels of thyroxine ___ the release of TRH so that normal blood levels are maintained

Inhibit

Where is adrenaline produced?

The adrenal glands

Which hormone increases heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles?

Adrenaline

Is adrenaline controlled by negative feedback?

No

Is thyroxine controlled by negative feedback?

Yes

Which organ produces insulin?

The pancreas

Which hormone causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells if blood glucose concentration is too high?

Insulin

What is the name of the disorder where the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin?

Type 1 diabetes

Type on diabetes can be controlled by ___ insulin

Injecting

Exercise lowers blood glucose levels due to increased ___ in the muscles

Respiration

What is the name of the disorder where a person’s cells no longer respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas?

Type 2 diabetes

Carbohydrates are digested into ___ which raises the overall blood glucose levels

Glucose

Which organ produces glucagon?

The pancreas

Some glucose is stored a body fat and some is stored as ___ in the liver and muscles

Glycogen

The hormone ___, tells the liver to release some of its stored glucose into the blood when blood glucose levels are too __

Glucagon, low

What does FSH stand for?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Where is FSH produced?

In the pituitary gland

Which hormone causes an egg to mature in an ovary and stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen?

FSH

Where is oestrogen produced?

In the ovaries

Which hormone inhibits the production of FSH?

Oestrogen

Which hormone repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining as well as stimulating the release of LH?

Oestrogen

What does LH stand for?

Luteinising hormone

Where is LH produced?

In the pituitary gland

Which hormone triggers ovulation - the release of a mature egg?

LH

Where is progesterone produced?

In the ovaries

Which hormone maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy?

Progesterone

Fertility drugs contain ___ and ___ to stimulate eggs to mature in the ovaries

FSH, LH

Fertility drugs can ___ the chance of having twins or triplets

Increase

What does IVF stand for?

In vitro fertilisation