Chapter 29 Fungi Biological Diversity

Fungi

A lineage of eukaryotes that typically have a filamentous body (mycelium) and obtain nutrients by absorption.

Mycelium

A mass of underground filaments (hyphae) that form the body of a fungus.

Hyphae

One of the long, branching strands of a fungal mycelium (the mesh-like body of a fungus).

Mutualists

An organism that is a participant and partner in a mutualistic relationship.

Mycorrhizal

Describes a fungus that lives symbiotically with roots of vascular plants.

Mycorrhizae

A mutualistic association between certain fungi and the roots of most vascular plants.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

Fungi whose hyphae form a dense network that covers their host plant’s root but do not enter the root cells.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Fungi from the glomeromycotan lineage whose hyphae enter the root cells of their host plants.

Saprophyte

An organism that feeds primarily on dead plant material.

Yeasts

Any fungus growing as a single-cell form.

Lichens

A mutualistic association of a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium.

Extracellular Digestion

The process of breaking down food outside of a cell, typically in the gut, to make nutrients available for absorption.

Lignin Degradation

The process of breaking down lignin, a complex chemical compound that protects wood cell walls from microorganisms.

Cellulose Digestion

The breakdown of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, into smaller sugar molecules.

absorbing

how do fungi intake nutrients?

decomposers

fungi are used for decaying matter and recycling back into the earth, what is the term?

animals

what are fungi closely related to?

false

True or False: Fungi photosynthesize and have chloroplasts

Parasitic Fungi

Fungi that absorb nutrients from living organisms

Saprophytic Fungi

fungi that feed on dead material

Mycorrhizal Fungi

fungi that have extensive networks in soil that increase plant growth

False

True or False: fungi are not important for the carbon cycle

Hyphae

the smallest unit of fungi

Mycelia

multicellular weblike bodied fungi

Yeasts

unicellular fungi

hyphae

what are the reproductive structure and mycelium made of

septa

cross walls that divide the hyphae into individual cells

EMF Ectomycorrhizal

form sheaths around roots and penetrate between root cells

organic carbon (glucose)

plants provide fungi with ______

mutualistic

fungi returning phosphorus and nitrogen to plants is an example of what kind of relationship?

AMF arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

contact plasma membranes of root cells

lichens

the symbiosis between fungi and algae

penicillin

an example of medication that derived from fungi

saprophytic fungi

connects the two parts of the carbon cycle

zygosporangia

haploid hyphae (means of reproduction)

basidia

spore producing structure (means of reproduction)

Asci

sac-like cells at the tips of hyphae (means of reproduction)

Endophytes

“inside plant” organisms that live between and within plant cells

Glomeromycota

a group with species that form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations

Basidiomycota

contains species of mushrooms eaten as foods, some species are ectomycorrhizal

Ascomycota

some species are eaten (morels, truffles), group contains yeasts, some form mutualistic associations with photosynthetic algae or bacteria to form lichen, some are ectomycorrhizal