Facial bones, sinuses, NS, and LS (non Anatomy info)

How many facial bones are there

14

what are all the facial bones

R and L nasal

R and L lacrimal

R and L maxillary

R and L zygomatic

R and L palatine

R and L inferior nasal conchae

Vomer

Mandible

What are the nasal bones

2 small thin bones commonly known as the bridge of the bone

What does the nasal bone articulate with superiorly

Frontal bone

what does the nasal bone articulate with posterosuperiorly

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

what does the nasal bone articulate with on each lateral

Maxillae

What is the lacrimal bones

Two smallest bones in the skull and very thin

what does the lacrimal and maxillae form

Lacrimal fossae

what does the lacrimal fossae accommodate

Lacrimal sacs

What does each bone contain

A lacrimal foramen

what passes through the lacrimal foramen

Tear duct

what does the lacrimal bone articulate with

Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha

What are the maxillary bones

2 of the largest immovable bones of the face

what does the maxillary bones articulate with

All other bones (including the frontal and ethmoid) except the mandible

what does the maxillary bones form

Part of the lateral walls and most of the floor of the nasal cavity

Floor of the orbital cavities and ¾ of the roof of the mouth

What part of the maxillary bones form the cheeks

The zygomatic process

what is the purpose of the large pyramidal cavity in the maxilla

Contains the maxillary sinus, which empties into the nasal cavity

What is the purpose of the infraorbital foramen

Passage for the infraorbital nerve and arteries

what is the alveolar process

thick spongy ridge of the bone at the inferior boarder (where the gums of the teeth are)

where is the anterior nasal spine

forward pointed process a the midline junction

where is the acanthion

midpoint of the junction (prominence)

what makes the zygomatic arch

the temporal process of the zygoma and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

what does the zygomatic bones form

the prominence of the cheeks and the wall and floor of the orbital cavities

what does the zygomatic bones articulate with superiorly

frontal bone

what does the zygomatic bones articulate with laterally

zygomatic process of temporal bone

what does the zygomatic bones articulate with anteriorly

maxilla

what does the zygomatic bones articulate with posteriorly

sphenoid

what is the palatine bones

two bones L shaped of vertical and horizontal plates wha

what does the horizontal plate of the palatine bone articulate with

maxillae to complete the roof of the mouth

what does the vertical plate of the palatine bone articulate with

extends upward between maxillae and pterygoid processes of the sphenoid in the posterior nasal cavity

what is the role of the lesser palatine foramina (LPF)

transmit lesser palatine vessels as well as middle and posterior palatine nerves

what is the role of the greater palatine foramina (GPF)

transmits greater palatine nerves and vessels

what is the inferior nasal conchae

2 bones extended diagonally and inferiorly from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

how does the inferior nasal concha look

long narrow thin bones with a lateral curve (looks like a scroll)

what is the role of the three nasal conchas

to project into and divide the lateral portion into superior, middle, and inferior meatuswhat

what does the nasal concha articulate with

the ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal, and palatine

what is the vomer

thin plate of bone in MSP of the floor of the nasal cavity forming the inferior nasal septum

what does the vomer articulates with superior border

body of sphenoid

what does the vomer articulates with superior anterior border

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

what does the vomer articulates with posterior border

free

what does the vomer articulates with inferiorly on the midline

with the maxillae and the palatines

What is the mandible

The largest and densest bone

what does the mandible consists of

A curved horizontal portion called the body and a long vertical portion on each side of the body called the rami

where does the rami unite with the mandibular body

At the angle/gonion

What is the mental protuberance

anterior triangular prominence (chin)

ossification site of the symphysis that holds the mandible together

what is the symphysis

where the left and right mandible fuse

what is contained in the most superior border of the mandible

spongy bone called the alveolar portion

what is the mental foramen

small opening on each side of the mandibular body transmitting blood vessels and nerves

what are the two processes of each rami

coronoid process and condylar process

what is the coronoid process

anterior process on top of rami (pointy and free)

what is the condylar process

posterior process on top of the rami (rounded)

what forms the TMJ

the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar process

what is the mandibular notch

concave area between the coronoid process and condylar process

allows passage for nerves arteries and veins

what is the role of the coronoid process

muscles insert to aid in chewing, swallowing, and speech

what is the hyoid bone

small U shaped bone at the base of the tongue and the only bone that has no articulation with other bones

what is the hyoid bone held by

stylohyoid ligament

what type of bone is the hyoid bone

accessory bone

how is the hyoid bone divided

body, greater cornu, lesser cornu

how many bones make the orbits

7

what bones make up the orbits

frontal, sphenoid, maxila, zygoma, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine

what are fibrous joints

immoveable joints (ex sutures)

what are synovial joints

moving joints

what are the basic unit of the nervous system

neurons

what are the supporting cells of the nervous system called

neuroglia or gila cells

what are the purpose of gila cells

• separate and protect the neurons

• support framework for neural tissue

• phagocytes

• help regulate composition of interstitial fluid

what is interstitial fluid

fluid surrounding the cells

what does neural tissue form

the brain, spinal cord, receptors, and nerves

what is the CNS

the brain and the spinal cord

what is the role of the CNS

integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory and motor commands

what is the role of the brain

intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion

what is the PNS

all the nerves outside the CNS

what is the role of the PNS

carries sensory info to the CNS and carries motor info from the CNS to the peripheral tissues or systems

what are nerves

bundles of axons or nerve fibers

what are PNS nerves connected to the brain called

cranial nerves

what are PNS nerves connected to the spinal cord called

spinal nerves

what are the anatomical structures of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, dienphalon, brain stem

how much neural tissue is in the brain

almost 98%

where does the brain connect to the spinal cord

at the medulla oblongata

what is the role of the cerebrum

thought process, memory, intelligence, conscious and subconscious

what is contained in the diencephalon

contains thalamus and hypothalamus

what is the function of the thalamus

relay and process sensory and motor info

what is the function of the hypothalamus

regulating emotion, automatic functions, and hormones

what is the role of the cerebellum

coordinate complex motor patterns

how many cranial pairs are there

12

where do the cranial nerves emerge from

the brain stem

what are the functions of the brain stem

some control sensation, muscles, movement, sensory and/or motor

how long is the spinal cord

45 cm (18 inch)

how wide is the spinal cord

14mm

where does the spinal cord end

L1 or L2

where is gray matter the greatest of the spinal cord

near limbs (cervical and lumbar enlargements)

what are afferent nerve fibers

sensory

what are efferent nevre fibers

motor

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

31

What are Paranasal sinuses

air-filled cavities located in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillae

why are they called paranasal sinuses

they form from the nasal mucosa and continued communication with the nasal fossae

what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses

helps decrease the weight of the skull, act as shock absorbers, aid in warming and moisturizing inhaled air, chamber for the voice, control the immune system

when do the paranasal sinuses begin to develop

early in fetal life

what happens as the sinus sacs grow

they gradually invade the respective bones and form air sinuses and cells

what sinus is well developed at birth

maxillary sinus

at what age does the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses are distinguishable from the ethmoid air cells

6 to 7