Chapter 4 - Structure and Properties of Substances

Ionic bonding

________ occurs with atoms of elements of large differences in electronegativity.

Water pack

________ in a specific way where the solid- state is less dense than the liquid state.

Amorphous solids

________: indistinct shapes because particle arrangements lack order.

Dispersion (London) force

________: the force of attraction between nonpolar molecules larger number of electrons cause an uneven distribution of charge large shape of the molecule are stronger and results in increased boiling point.

Lewis structures

________: atomic symbol in the middle with its outer valence electrons around.

Positive ion

________ attracts with the negative end of the water.

Dipole dipole forces

________: attractions between opposite charges.

Allotropes

________: different crystalline or molecular forms of the same element that differ in physical and chemical properties.

Resonance structure

________: models that give the same relative position of atoms but show different places for their bonding and lone pairs.

Free- electron model

________: pictures metals as being composed of densely packed core of metallic cations with ________ roaming electrons.

Chemical bonds

________: electrostatic forces that hold atoms together in compounds lower- energy systems tend to have greater stability than higher- energy systems Bonded atoms are more stable.

Covalent bonding

________: electron- sharing to acquire noble gas configuration.

Metabolic bonding

________: force of attraction between positively charged cations and the pool of valence electrons that moves among them.

Coordinate covalent bond

________: when a filled atomic orbital overlaps with an empty atomic orbital.

Crystalline solids

________: organized particle arrangements of solids.

Ion dipole

________ forces: the force of attraction between ion and polar molecule.

energy

Adding ________ decreases stability and processes that readily give off ________ become stable.

number of shared

Subtract the ________ electrons from a number of valence electrons to get lone pairs to draw around the central atom.

Ion induced dipole forces

________: ion in close proximity to a nonpolar molecule that distorts electron density of non- polar molecule making it polarized.

electron groups

When all the ________ are bonding pairs, a molecule will have one of the five geometrical arrangements.

Network solids

________: continuous two or three- dimensional arrays.

Dipole

________- induced dipole force: similar to an ion- induced dipole force, a polar molecule distorts the electron density of a nonpolar molecule making it polarized.