Parts of Neuron and Nervous System

Neuron parts

Components include dendrites, cell body, and axon.

Impulse reception

Dendrites receive the impulse first.

Nucleus location

The cell body contains the DNA.

Impulse conduction

The axon conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Neuroglia

Support cells of the nervous system.

Burning pain

Known as causalgia.

Hypothalamus function

Controls pituitary gland, water balance, and body temperature.

Medulla function

Controls breathing, heartbeat, and blood vessel size.

Aphasia

Inability to speak.

Cauda equina

Collection of spinal nerves at the end of the spinal cord.

Myelogram

X-Ray record/image of the spinal cord.

Meningeal hematoma

Collection of blood within the meningeal layers.

Paresthesia

Abnormal sensation of tingling or prickling.

Radiculitis

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root.

Glioblastoma

Highly malignant brain tumor.

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Cerebrovascular accident

Caused by cerebral aneurysm, thrombosis, or hemorrhage.

Syncope

Medical term for fainting.

Parkinson's signs

Tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.

Dyslexia

Difficulty reading, writing, and learning.

Syncope

Pertaining to fainting.

Paresthesia

Abnormal sensation.

Prodrome

Peculiar symptoms appearing before definite symptoms.

Meningeal

Within the meninges.

Parenchyma

Essential cells of an organ.

Synapse

Space between nerve cells.

Cerebellum

Controls muscular coordination.

Gait

Manner of walking.

Dementia

Loss of mental capacity.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger released at the end of a neuron.

Histology

Distinguishing tissue of an organ or system.

Receptor

Organ that receives nervous stimulation and passes it on.

Plexus

Large interlacing network of nerves.

Autonomic nervous system

Regulates body functions like heart rate and breathing.

Thalamus

Main relay center of the brain.

Hypothalamus

Controls appetite, sleep, and the pituitary gland.

Medulla oblongata

Controls respiration, heartbeat, and blood vessel size.

Pons

Connects various parts of the brain, lying between the medulla and the rest of the brain.

Blood-brain barrier

Structure allowing selective substance passage into the brain.

Stimulus

Change in internal or external environment causing a response.

Sulcus

Depression or groove in the cerebral cortex.