Motor Behavior definition quiz

Motor Skills

The bodys ability to manage the process of movements

Aging

The process that leads to loss of adaptability or full function and eventually to death

Constraint

a characteristic of the individual, environment, or task that encourages some movements while discouraging others

Structural constraints

related to the body's structure

Functional constraints

related to behavioral function

Task constraints

specific characteristics and requirements of a motor skill or task that shape the movement patterns and behaviors used

Motor development

continuous, age-related process of change in movement

Motor Learning

relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience

Theories

provides a systematic way to look and explain developmental change

Genetics/Heredity

responsible for motor development and that the environment has a little effect

Internal

genetic

external

environmental

Self-organization

motor behavior is not hard-wired, but instead "softly assembled"

Nonlinearity

small changes in one factor that lead to significant changes in the overall behavior (EX: breaking finger -> tough to grasp things)

Rate Limiter

an individual constraint or system that holds back or slows the emergence of a motor skill

Affordance

describes the function an environmental object provides to an individual (based both on their body and the object's size, shape, texture, etc.) (EX: stairs afford me the ability to walk upstairs)

Body Scaling

the process of changing the dimensions of the environment or an environmental object in relation to the structural constraints of a performer

Differentiation

the process where in cells become specialized, forming specific tissues and organs

Hyperplasia

an increase in the absolute number of cells

Hypertrophy

an increase in the relative size of an individual cell

Cephalocaudal

(growing from head to toe) the direction of growth beginning at the head and extending toward the lower body

Proximodistal

(growing in width) the direction of growth proceeding from the body toward the extremities

Plasticity

modifiability or malleability; in regard to growth, it is the ability of tissues to subsume functions otherwise carried out by other tissues

Congenital defects

anomalities present at birth, regardless of whether their causes are genetic or extrinsic

Teratogen

any drug or chemical agent that causes abnormal development in a fetus upon exposure

Sigmoid Curve

the pattern of overall body growth

Relative growth

specific body parts, tissues, and organs have differential rates of growth

Catch-up growth

relatively rapid growth of the body to recover some or all potential growth lost during a period of negative extrinsic influence

secondary sex characteristics

aspects of form or structure appropriate to males or females, often used to assess physiological maturity in adolescents

Fast twitch fibers (type 2)

for anaerobic activities, activities that require short & full strength

slow twitch fibers (type I)

for aeroboic activities, long activities like hiking, swimming

extrinstic

not part of the essential nature of someone or something; coming or operating from outside.

Early childhood

Sex differences minimal

later childhood

girls mature faster than boys