Anatomy Test 2

which is not a function of the vertebral column?

supporting the weight of the head

maintaining upright body position

passageway for cranial nerves

passageway for spinal nerves

protecting the spinal cord

passageway for cranial nerves

the vertebral processes that are most easily palpated along the midline of the back are the ___ processes.

transverse

inferior articular

superior articular

lamellar

spinous

spinous

the spinal curvature that develops as a child learns to walk shifts the trunk weight over the legs. it is an example of a ___ curve.

primary

secondary

secondary

the sternal angle can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the position of the

apex of heart

jugular vein

second rib

trachea

hyoid bone

second rib

how many pairs of ribs are “floating ribs” that do not articulate with the sternum?

5

2

7

12

10

2

in the anatomic position, the radius lies ___ to the ulna.

posterior

medial

superior

inferior

lateral

lateral

the biceps brachii muscle attaches to the ___ of the radius.

neck

radial tuberosity

styloid process

head

radial notch

radial tuberosity

which is not a site for muscle attachment on femur?

gluteal tuberosity

pectineal line

linea aspera

greater trochanter

lateral condyle

lateral condyle

which is a sesamoid bone?

femur

patella

first metatarsal

clavicle

calcaneus

patella

which bone does not contribute to the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

talus

navicular

cuboid

metatarsal I

medial cuneiform

cuboid

each of the depressions on the maxillae and mandible that holds a tooth is called an

fossa

sulcus

sinus

alveolus

foramen

alveolus

correct listing of the hierarchy of a skeletal muscle’s components, beginning with the smallest?

a. myofibril

b. muscle fiber

c. fascicle

d. skeletal muscle

a,b,c,d

the structure responsible for attaching muscle to bone is a

sphincter

ligament

fascia

tendon

myofibril

tendon

which are the reservoirs that store the calcium required for muscle contraction?

synaptic vesicles

synaptic clefts

terminal cisternae

peroxisomes

mitochondria

terminal cisternae

which protein makes up the thick filaments

myosin

actin

tropomyosin

troponin

myopathy

myosin

which letter is associated with a zone that is a little more lightly shaded because only thick filaments are present?

I

A

M

Z

H

H

which of the following structures has the active sites to which the heads of the thick filaments will bind?

actin

troponin

tropomyosin

myosin

sarcoplasm

actin

a motor unit consists of

multiple motor neurons and multiple muscle fibers

a single motor neuron and the multiple muscle fibers it controls

multiple motor neurons and the one muscle fiber they control

one synaptic terminal button a cleft and an acetylcholine

a single motor neuron and the multiple muscle fibers it controls

a motor unit within the powerful quadriceps muscle would

contain several motor neurons

be much like those in the eye muscles

generally contain less than ten fibers

generally contain several hundred fibers

generally contain several hundred fibers

acetylcholine exerts its effect by

stimulating the motor neuron’s synaptic knob

binding to receptors at the motor end plate

activating acetylcholinesterase

allowing calcium to enter the cell

binding to receptors at the motor end plate

the calcium ions involved in skeletal muscle contraction bind to a ___ subunit

myosin

actin

elastin

tropomyosin

troponin

troponin

a power stroke involves

an actin molecule pulling a myosin molecule toward the M-line

a thin filament shortening in length and thereby shortening the sarcomere

a myosin head pulling a thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere

a thick filament pushing an actin filament toward the nearest Z-line

a myosin head pulling a thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere

when a muscle relaxes

cross bridges form and muscle extensibility returns the muscle to rest of length

crossbridges form and muscle elasticity returns the muscle to rest length

crossbridges stop forming and muscle elasticity returns the muscle to rest length

crossbridges stop forming and muscle extensibility returns the muscle to rest length

crossbridges stop forming and muscle elasticity returns the muscle to rest length

the vascular supply to slow-twitch muscle fibers is ___ the network of capillaries around fast-twitch muscle fibers

more extensive

less extensive

the same as that

more extensive than

which fibers dominate many of the back and calf muscles that contract almost continually to maintain posture?

slow-twitch

fast-twitch

intermediate

slow-twitch

muscle tone is a result of ___ nervous system activity, and it acts to ___ joint position.

(involuntary/voluntary or continuously vary/stabilize)

involuntary, stabilize

when a muscle is isometrically contracted its length ___ change

does

does not

does not

lifting weights will cause muscles to enlarge. this is primarily due to

an increase in the number of muscle cells

an increase in the size of muscle cells

an increase in the size of muscle cells

growth of the uterus during pregnancy is accomplished by ___of its smooth muscle.

neither hypertrophy nor hyperplasia

both hypertrophy and hyperplasia

hypertrophy but not hyperplasia

hyperplasia but not hypertrophy

both hypertrophy and hyperplasia

rather than tightly coupled synapses between neurons and muscles cells, single unit smooth muscle contains

gap junction that connect neurons to smooth muscle cells

varicosities of subset of muscle fibers so that individual cells can be separated stimulated

diffuse junctions where neuron varicosities are responsible for neurotransmitter release

plaques and caveolae that contain multiple hormone receptors for discrete endocrine control.

diffuse junctions where neuron varicosities are responsible for neurotransmitter release

this sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle. what does number 1 refer to

a band

h zone

z disc

m line

i band

a band

for axial muscles, which is usually a muscle’s less movable attachment?

the superior attachment site

the inferior attachment site

the proximal attachment site

the distal attachment site

the inferior attachment site

for elbow flexion

biceps brachii is the agonist and triceps brachii is the antagonist

biceps brachii is the antagonist and triceps brachii is the agonist

triceps brachii is the synergist and biceps brachii is the antagonist

deltoid is the agonist and biceps brachii is the synergist

biceps brachii is the synergist and triceps brachii is the agonist

biceps brachii is the agonist and triceps brachii is the antagonist

the rhomboid muscle is named for its

size

origin

fiber orientation

shape

action

shape

a nursing baby is using what muscle to suckle

risorius

platysma

mentalis

levator labii superioris

buccinator

buccinator

you hear a sharp noise to your left causing you to shift your eyes in that direction. which muscles were responsible for your glance?

left eye - lateral rectus, right eye - medial rectus

left eye - medial rectus, right eye - lateral rectus

left eye and right eye - lateral rectus

left eye and right eye - medial rectus

left eye - superior oblique, right eye - inferior oblique

left eye - lateral rectus, right eye - medial rectus

which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve (CN VI)

inferior oblique

superior oblique

lateral rectus

medial rectus

superior rectus

lateral rectus

which muscle does not move the mandible

temporalis

masseter

lateral pterygoid

medial pterygoid

genioglossus

genioglossus

of the muscles listed, the only one that inserts on the hyoid bone is the

hyoglossus

platoglossus

styloglossus

lateral pterygoid

genioglossus

genioglossus

the most laterally placed of the three erector spinae components the ___ group is composed of three parts: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

longissimus

spinalis

iliocostalis

iliocostalis

the muscle that forms a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the

scalenes

interspinales

internal intercostal

diaphragm

transversus thoracis

diaphragm

which muscle forms the traditional “six pack” of a well-toned abdominal wall

rectus abdominis

transverse abdominis

internal oblique

external oblique

rectus abdominis

the anterior border of the perineum is the

anus

urethra

pubic symphysis

scrotum

pubic symphysis

muscles of the pectoral girdle attach proximally on the

clavicle and scapula and attach distally on the axial skeleton

humerus and attach distally on the axial skeleton

axial skeleton and attach distally on the humerous

axial skeleton and attach distally on the clavicle and scapula

humerus and attach distally on the clavicle and scapula

axial skeleton and attach distally on the clavicle and scapula

of the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint, two attach proximally on the axial skeleton. which ones

a. latissimus dorsi

b. deltoid

c. pectoralis major

d. teres major

e. coracobrachialis

a and c

which muscle is the prime extensor of the elbow joint?

deltoid muscle

triceps brachii

biceps brachii

brachialis

brachioradialis

triceps brachii

what is a retinaculum

a flat band of muscle

a wide aponeurosis

a sliding tendon

an area where several muscles converge

a thickened fibrous band of fascia

a thickened fibrous band of fascia

when a child raises her hand to show you she is five years old, she is using all of the following muscles except the

extensor digitorium

flexor digitorium

palmar interossei

lumbricals

dorsal interossei

flexor digitorium

which muscle is the primary dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle?

tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

fibularis brevis

extensor digitorum longus

gracilis

tibialis anterior

these two muscles are known as the triceps surae and together are the most powerful plantar flexors of all of the leg muscles

tibialis posterior and popliteus

gastrocnemius and soleus

flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus and fibularis longus

gastrocnemius and soleus

which muscle “unlocks” the fully extended knee joint?

popliteus

tibialis posterior

tibialis anterior

gastrocnemius

coleus

popliteus