APHG 5.6 - Challenges and Consequences of Agricultural Practices

desertification

Over-grazing can lead to [ ] (or soil erosion) if the land cover grasses are exhausted

over-grazing

graze (grassland) so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground becomes liable to erosion, which causes desertification

salinization

over-irrigation causes [ ] of the soil, which makes it less fertile and requires more fertilizers

deforestation

a huge problem in Brazil, Indonesia, and Malaysia

conservation

As a result of mass deforestation of the rainforest, [ ] movements arose in the 1980s

irrigation

can cause depletion of water supplies

GMOs

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

long-term consequences

GMOs have been helpful in reducing hunger, but some are concerned about unforeseen [ ]

biodiversity

The Amazon Rainforest is crucial for [ ] - destroying it will adversely affect the entire world.

food choices

Individuals in developed countries have vast [ ] as a result of globalized agriculture, leading to a rise in Fair Trade, Local Food, and Organic Movements

sustainability

The battle over the rainforest in Brazil is all about [ ] - how to meet the economic needs of the present while still protecting crucial resources for the future

community-supported agriculture

network between agricultural producers and consumers whereby consumers pledge support to a farming operation in order to receive a share of the output from the farming operation

Farmers Markets

the Locavore and Organic movements have led to a stark increase in [ ], mostly in urban areas

locavore

a person who primarily eats food grown or produced locally

expensive

One barrier for both producers and consumers of organic food is that it is [ ], as most farmers lack a corporation's supply chains and economies of scale

Fair Trade Movement

an effort to promote higher incomes for producers, better treatment of laborers, and more sustainable, environmentally-friendly farming practices

Organic Food Movement

grew enormously in the 1970s-80s as a result of concerns about GMOs and hormones/antibiotics used in raising livestock on feedlots

hormones and antibiotics

have been used to increase livestock yields (poultry and beef) but may have detrimental effects on human health

climate change

Temperature increases as a result of [ ] have affected farmers in tropical areas and reduced production

sprawl

Much farmland has been lost as a result of urban [ ], or the growing suburbs

women in developing countries

frequently still work on farms and may sell produce, but have not had the same access as men to technology and loans for improving their lives

education

Women in developing countries are less likely to have access to the [ ] and training required to operate new Green Revolution technologies

traditional

[ ] gender roles may prevent women in developing countries from owning land, or from pursuing education and other economic opportunities in new agribusiness

developed countries

Women in [ ] are more likely to benefit from agricultural technologies, taking on new roles in research, management, sales, and distribution

convenience foods

As women work outside of the home, they spend less time preparing meals and may rely more on [ ], leading to an increase in R&D

restaurants

People eat in [ ] more than ever before, with 2015 being the first year Americans spent more eating out than on groceries