rhetorical devices + schemes 2nd half

epithet

descriptive term or phrase expressing a quality or characteristic of a person or thing

ex: grey eyed soldier

euphemism

substitution of an agreeable or at least non-offensive expression for one whose plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasant

ex: garbage man →waste management engineer (nicer way)

inversion

reversing the usual word order of a sentence to create a different effect or emphasis. can involve placing the verb before the subject or using different word to create a drama, emphasis, suspense, or draw attention to a word/phrase

juxaposition

placing contrasting things or ideas side by side to highlight their differences or similarities

litotes

understatement used deliberately, used for intensification by denying the contrary of things being affirmed

local color

literary sub genre that uses specific details to capture the unique flavor of a particular place and its people

writer infuses details about a geographical cultural details

metonymy

reference to something by naming one of its attributes; using word/phrases to represent something else that is closely associated with it

whole to a part

ex: the crown has spoken (king/queen is actually speaking)

paradox

an apparently contradictory statement that contains a measure of truth; statement that contradicts itself or seems to go against common sense

parallel structure

using the same pattern of words to show that 2 or more ideas have the same level of importance; similarity of structure in a pair of related words, phrases, or clauses

periphrasis

substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name for a quality associated with the name

ex: aluminum canister for H2O (water bottle) 

polysyndeton

a super abundance of conjunctions; repeated use of conjunctions

ex: and, or, but

rhetoric

the art of persuasion through language to effectively persuade, inform, educate, entertain, etc.

rhetorical question

asking a question for a purpose other than obtaining information required

satire

practice of making fun of a human weakness or character flaw through techniques 

style

techniques/devices an author employs to get their message across

can include: ethos, logos, pathos, organization, diction, syntax, figurative language, grammatical structure, selection of details, etc.

synecdoche

a whole is represented by naming one of its parts; uses part of something to represent whole

part to a whole

ex: going to car show, favorite car pulls up, says you like tires, talking about entire car

tone

refers to authors attitude towards something, the subject matter or audience

understatement

used to convey a situation or description that is less significant, intense, or extreme than it really is

vernacular

everyday language and culturally expressions of a specific community, opposed to a formal language

zeugma

two different words linked to a verb or an adjective which is strictly appropriate to only one of them; using a word differently in relation to 2 or more words that it modifies or governs

ex: I lost my keys and my dignity

ex: she ran away with my cow and my feelings