COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (COPAR RPOCESS)

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research

COPAR stands for

APATHETIC, VOICELESS POOR, PARTICIPATORY, POLITICALLY RESPONSIVE

COPAR is a social development program that AIMS transform the ___________, INDIVIDUALISTIC and __________ into a DYNAMIC, _________ and ______________ Community.

COPAR

collective participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of building people’s organization – by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues concerns towards effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions

COPAR

A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community (

Empowerment

The IMPROTANCE OF COPAR:

➢ It is an important tool for Community Development and people _________ as this helps the Community Workers to generate community Participation in Development Activities.

➢ It prepares people/clients to eventually take over the management of a development programs in its future.

➢ It maximizes community participation and involvement: community resources mobilized for community services.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

COPAR PROCESS:

➢ The sequence of STEPS whereby members of a community come together to critically assess to evaluate community conditions and work together to improve those conditions.

COPAR STRUCTURE:

➢ Refers to a particular group of community members that work together for a common health and Health Related goals.

own problem, internally and externally, Consciousness

EMPHASIS OF COPAR:

1. Community working to solve its _______

2. Direction is established ________ and ________

3. Development and Implementation of a specific project less important than the development of the capacity of the community to establish the project.

4. ____________ raising involves perceiving health and medical care within the total structure of society.

Social Investigation, Tentative program Planning, Role Play, Mobilization or Action, Reflection, Organization

PRINCIPLES OF COPAR:

1. Integration

2. _____________

3. ______________

4. Ground Working

5. Meeting

6. ____________

7. ____________

8. Evaluation

9. ____________

10. ____________

1. Pre-Entry Phase

2. Entry Phase

3. Organizational-Building Phase

4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

COPAR has four phases namely:

Pre-entry Phase

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

It is the initial Phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for communities to serve and help.

Pre-entry Phase

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Ocular survey shortlisted communities

Pre-entry Phase

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Interview with barangay officials/leaders/key informants

Pre-entry Phase

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Identify project site and or alternatives

Pre-entry Phase

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Coordination with LGU’s/NGO’s for assistance

Pre-entry Phase

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Develop community profiles from secondary data

Pre-entry Phase

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Orient/train students on baseline survey

Pre-entry Phase

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Courtesy call to community leaders

Pre-entry Phase

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Sensitize community leaders to PHC – HRDP

Pre-entry Phase

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Conduct community assembly

Pre-entry Phase

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Conduct baseline survey

Pre-entry Phase

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Identify/develop/EC materials and information dissemination

Pre-entry Phase

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Conduct staff planning about strategies for entry to the community.

Pre-entry Phase

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

• A team led by Nurse Alex conducts an on-site visit to various barangays, observing physical conditions, infrastructure, and access to health facilities. In Barangay Maligaya, they note that the area lacks clean water sources, and many homes are in remote locations. This survey helps them understand the community’s environment and its potential health needs.

Pre-entry Phase

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Nurse Alex arranges interviews with Barangay Captain Aling Rosa and local health workers to understand the specific health challenges of Barangay Maligaya. Through these discussions, they learn about common illnesses, existing resources, and the community’s openness to health programs.

Pre-entry Phase

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After assessing various barangays, Barangay Maligaya is chosen due to its lack of healthcare facilities and the residents’ interest in improving health services. They decide on a central location near the barangay hall for future activities, considering accessibility for most residents.

Pre-entry Phase

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Nurse Alex contacts the local government unit (LGU) and nearby NGOs that provide healthcare services. They discuss potential partnerships for funding, health supplies, and resources needed to support the project, ensuring that the community receives adequate support.

Pre-entry Phase

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Using data from government reports, Nurse Alex compiles a profile of Barangay Maligaya, focusing on demographics, prevalent health issues, and socioeconomic conditions. This profile guides the team in identifying priority health needs and preparing for targeted interventions.

Pre-entry Phase

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To involve students in the process, Nurse Alex organizes a training session on conducting baseline surveys. The students learn about data collection, survey techniques, and the importance of confidentiality, preparing them to gather reliable information from community members.

Pre-entry Phase

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The team makes a formal courtesy call to Barangay Captain Aling Rosa, showing respect for local authority and explaining their project goals. This meeting strengthens rapport with local leaders, helping ensure smooth collaboration in the coming phases.

Pre-entry Phase

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Nurse Alex conducts a brief orientation on Primary Health Care (PHC) and the Human Resource Development Program (HRDP) for community leaders. They discuss how PHC aligns with community needs and the importance of preventive care, encouraging leaders to support health initiatives actively.

Pre-entry Phase

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The team organizes a community assembly to introduce the project to residents and explain its objectives. They encourage feedback, listen to residents' health concerns, and explain how the program will work to address these issues, promoting a sense of inclusion.

Pre-entry Phase

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Nurse Alex and trained students administer a baseline survey across Barangay Maligaya, collecting data on household health conditions, sanitation, and access to healthcare. This survey provides essential data to tailor the project to the community’s actual needs.

Pre-entry Phase

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Based on survey findings, Nurse Alex’s team creates informational materials, such as flyers and posters, covering topics like hygiene, nutrition, and preventive health measures. These materials are distributed at the barangay hall, health center, and local stores.

Pre-entry Phase

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Nurse Alex holds a team planning session to discuss effective strategies for entering and integrating into the community. They review cultural practices, preferred communication styles, and potential challenges, ensuring a respectful and effective approach to community engagement.

ENTRY PHASE

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It is the social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community

ENTRY PHASE

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Success of the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with the community.

ENTRY PHASE

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Integration with community residents

ENTRY PHASE

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Conduct deepening social investigation

ENTRY PHASE

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Disseminate information/sensitization of community residents about HRDP

ENTRY PHASE

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Long/short listing of potential core group members/leaders

ENTRY PHASE

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Delivery of essential services (CI/students)

ENTRY PHASE

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Continuation of deepening social investigation

ENTRY PHASE

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Core group formation

ENTRY PHASE

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Definition or roles/functions of the core group

ENTRY PHASE

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Conduct team building/sensitization/formal education of the core group

ENTRY PHASE

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Presentation of baseline survey results to the community

ENTRY PHASE

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Conduct self-awareness and leadership training among leaders

ENTRY PHASE

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Consult the community about the need to organize Community Health Organization (CHO)

ENTRY PHASE

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Formation of the community research team

ENTRY PHASE

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Nurse Alex spends time with Barangay Masigla residents, attending local events and chatting with them informally to build rapport. He participates in daily activities, such as joining a communal meal and helping out at the weekly market. This gradual integration helps him understand the community's daily life and culture, allowing him to gain their trust.

ENTRY PHASE

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Nurse Alex and his team conduct a deeper social investigation by holding small group discussions with different community sectors—youth, elderly, and working parents. They gather more detailed insights into specific health challenges, such as limited access to clean water and high instances of respiratory illnesses, helping to fine-tune their intervention approach.

ENTRY PHASE

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The team holds an orientation session in the barangay hall, explaining the Human Resource Development Program (HRDP) and the Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) model. They use visual aids to make the information accessible and answer residents' questions, highlighting how these programs aim to empower the community.

ENTRY PHASE

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Through his interactions, Nurse Alex identifies residents who are vocal about community health issues and demonstrate leadership qualities. He creates a list of these potential leaders and shortlists those who have a strong influence among their peers, aiming to form a core group that represents different demographics within the community.

ENTRY PHASE

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While conducting health check-ups and distributing hygiene kits with the help of nursing students, Nurse Alex continues gathering information about residents' health challenges. The interactions reveal that many residents are interested in learning about preventive health measures, providing valuable data for future training sessions.

ENTRY PHASE

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Nurse Alex gathers the shortlisted potential leaders for an initial meeting, formally inviting them to form the core group. He explains the purpose and importance of the group, which will help lead community health initiatives. Each member accepts their role, ready to work toward the shared goal of improving community health.

ENTRY PHASE

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In the following meeting, Nurse Alex clarifies each core group member's role. He assigns specific tasks based on each individual’s strengths—for example, one member will oversee logistics, another will coordinate with local health authorities, and others will handle information dissemination. These defined roles help the core group function efficiently.

ENTRY PHASE

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To strengthen teamwork, Nurse Alex organizes a team-building workshop where core group members participate in activities focused on communication, trust, and cooperation. They also undergo training on basic health topics and the objectives of the community health program, which helps unify their understanding and goals.

ENTRY PHASE

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Nurse Alex presents the findings of the baseline survey at a community assembly, using visual aids to clearly communicate the current health status of Barangay Masigla. He highlights key issues such as limited access to medical care and common illnesses, setting a foundation for collaborative planning to address these challenges.

ENTRY PHASE

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To prepare the core group for leadership roles, Nurse Alex facilitates self-awareness and leadership training. The training encourages members to reflect on their strengths, areas for improvement, and responsibilities. They also learn conflict-resolution skills, which will be essential for managing group dynamics and leading community initiatives effectively.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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The phase where the leaders or groups are being given training (formal, informal, OJJ) to develop their style in managing their own concerns/programs.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Election of community health organization (CHO officers

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Organization and training of the second liners

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Conduct Participatory Action Research (PAR)

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Consolidate community diagnosis and PAR process results

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Formulate community health plan

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Formulate community health plan

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Organize working committees

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Link with LGUs/NGOs: technical/financial assistance

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Implement/Monitor/Evaluate health program

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Nurse Alex facilitates a community meeting to elect officers for the Community Health Organization (CHO). He guides residents through the voting process, ensuring it’s fair and representative. Key positions, such as Chairperson, Secretary, and Treasurer, are filled by respected community members, who will lead future health initiatives with the community’s support.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Recognizing the need for backup leadership, Nurse Alex helps the CHO identify and train "second liners" or emerging leaders. He holds a series of workshops covering basics in health education, communication, and organizational skills, empowering these individuals to assist and eventually step into core roles as needed.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Nurse Alex organizes a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project involving CHO officers and interested community members. Together, they investigate local health issues, such as waterborne diseases, by conducting surveys and interviews. The data gathered through PAR helps the community better understand and prioritize their health challenges.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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After completing the community diagnosis and PAR, Nurse Alex consolidates the findings and presents them in an easy-to-understand format during a community meeting. He highlights common health issues, contributing factors, and community strengths, setting the stage for planning tailored health interventions.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Based on the consolidated data, Nurse Alex collaborates with CHO officers to create a community health plan. This plan outlines specific goals, such as reducing cases of malnutrition and increasing vaccination rates, along with timelines and assigned roles. The health plan provides a structured approach to addressing community health needs.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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To ensure efficient implementation, Nurse Alex helps the CHO form working committees focused on areas like health education, sanitation, and resource management. Each committee, led by a CHO officer and supported by second liners, takes responsibility for specific tasks within the health plan, fostering teamwork and accountability.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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Nurse Alex and CHO officers reach out to local government units (LGUs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for support. They present their health plan and request technical assistance, medical supplies, and funding. These partnerships enhance the CHO’s capacity to implement the health initiatives outlined in the plan.

ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE

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With the community health plan in place, Nurse Alex guides the CHO through the implementation phase. They organize health activities, such as hygiene workshops and immunization drives, while tracking progress. Periodic evaluations help them identify areas for improvement, ensuring the program meets its objectives and adapts to changing community needs.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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The organization has been established and community members are actively participating in community undertakings.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Develop financial and management systems

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Assess and replan community health systems

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Institutionalize linkages/networking and referrals

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Continuing needs – based education of leaders

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Formulation and Ratification of constitution and by-laws

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Apply for S.E.C. registration / LGU accreditation

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

IDENTIFY PHASES OF COPAR

Negotiate for absorption of CHW’s by LGU’s

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Affiliation/Federating with other groups

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Evaluation (phase-out of External Organizers)

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Nurse Alex works with the Community Health Organization (CHO) to set up a transparent financial and management system. They establish a bank account for health funds and train the treasurer in record-keeping. This system ensures that any donations or local government support are tracked, and funds are used effectively for community health projects.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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o ensure the health initiatives remain effective, Nurse Alex organizes an assessment session with CHO leaders to review current health programs. Based on feedback, they identify areas needing improvement, such as expanding access to clean water and updating health education materials, and replan strategies to address these needs.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Nurse Alex helps CHO officers formalize relationships with nearby health facilities and organizations, establishing a referral system. This linkage allows residents to receive specialized health services, like maternal care and dental services, which aren’t available within the community, strengthening the overall health network.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Recognizing the importance of ongoing education, Nurse Alex arranges additional training sessions for CHO leaders. These workshops focus on emerging health issues and leadership skills, equipping leaders to adapt to new challenges and sustain the organization’s health efforts.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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With Nurse Alex’s guidance, the CHO drafts a constitution and by-laws outlining the organization’s mission, roles, and processes. Community members gather to review and ratify the document, creating a formal foundation for the CHO’s governance and future activities.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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To formalize their status, Nurse Alex assists the CHO in applying for registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and local government unit (LGU) accreditation. This registration establishes the CHO as a legal entity, making them eligible for government support and grants.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Nurse Alex and the CHO leaders approach the LGU to advocate for the integration of trained CHWs into the local health workforce. By gaining LGU support, the CHWs can receive funding and technical resources, ensuring they have stable roles within the community health system.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Nurse Alex encourages the CHO to affiliate with regional health organizations to expand their network and access additional resources. This federation allows the CHO to participate in regional health campaigns, share knowledge, and gain mentorship from more established organizations.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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Nurse Alex conducts an evaluation of the CHO’s progress to assess if they can sustain their activities independently. As the organization demonstrates its stability and capability, Nurse Alex gradually phases out involvement, confident that the CHO can now operate autonomously and continue improving community health.

100-200, Economically

CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION:

• Must have a population of _______ families

• ___________ depressed. No strong resistance from the community

• No serious place and order problem

• no similar group or organization holding the same program

INTEGRATION, FORMATION

___________

• Establishing Rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe community life

• Living with the community CORE GROUP

_____________

• Key persons – approachable by most people

• Opinion Leader – approachable by key persons • Isolates – never or hardly consulted

Partnership

_________ is a collaboration relationship between two or more parties based on trust, equality and mutual understanding for the achievement of a specified goal.

It also involves RISKS as well as benefits, making shared accountability critical.

PODLED EXPERTISE

Partnership working in health care brings together separate organizations so that they can benefit from ____________, Resources and Power Sharing.