Small Intestine Anatomy and Physiology

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the small intestine, focusing on digestion and absorption processes.

What is the main site of digestion and absorption in the small intestine?

The duodenum.

What are the four main cell types found in the small intestine?

Absorptive cells, Goblet cells, Paneth cells, Enteroendocrine cells.

Which cell type produces mucus in the small intestine?

Goblet cells.

What is the function of Paneth cells?

They secrete lysozyme and phagocytose debris.

What hormones are produced by the enteroendocrine cells?

CCK (Cholecystokinin) and secretin.

What type of epithelium lines the small intestine?

Simple columnar epithelial tissue.

What are the monomers of carbohydrates that can be absorbed?

Monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose.

What digestive enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?

Amylase.

What is lactose intolerance?

The inability to digest lactose due to a decrease in the enzyme lactase.

What types of proteins are broken down into during digestion?

Polypeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids.

What is the primary digestive enzyme for proteins in the small intestine?

Trypsin.

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Fatty acids and glycerol.

What is required for lipid digestion to occur?

Bile salts for emulsification.

What are nucleotides the monomers of?

Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).

What are the two types of transport processes for absorption in the small intestine?

Active transport and facilitated diffusion.

What is the role of the brush border in the small intestine?

It contains enzymes for the final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.

What is the significance of micelles in lipid absorption?

Micelles facilitate the absorption of fatty acids and monoglycerides.

How does the primary active transport work in the small intestine?

It uses ATP to create a concentration gradient for the absorption of nutrients.

What is the main function of pancreatic juice in the small intestine?

It contains enzymes that continue the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

What is the result of emulsification in the small intestine?

It increases the surface area of lipids for digestion.