Unit 4 vocab

Mission System

Catholic missions to spread christianity and convert

Encomienda/Repartimiento System

Native labor in return for hypotheicaly military protection and religious teaching. Was mostly just religious teaching and slavery. Latter was made and supposed to be better

Casta System

Peninsulares (spainards), criollos(spainards born in america), mestizos (mixed spanish and native), mulatos (mixed spanish and black), Native Americans, enslaved africans

Metacom’s War (King Philip's War), 1675-1676

Wampanoag against new england colonies. Very deadly and ended badly. But new england colonists got a group identity bc they handled it themselves

Pueblo Revolt (Po’pay’s Rebellion), 1680

Revolt against spanish that was successful but only for 12 years

Neutrality

Staying out of foreign conflicts. Washington loved this. Pre-entering ww1 liked this

Isolationism

Avoiding any interactions with other countries. During the 1930s

Expansionism

E x p a n d and m a n i f e s t your d e s t i n y

Powhatan Wars, 1611-1646

Powhatan ppl and virginia, series of wars.

Pequot War, 1636-37

Pequot nation vs massachusetts and narrangansetts and mohegan nations. Pequot lost

Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763

Confederation of natives who were mad about british in great lakes region. Part of the reason behind the proclmatiaon of 1763

Jay’s Treaty

Treaty signed in 1794 that stopped war between britain and the US, and brought some peace. Made france mad

Impressment

Usually the british forcing ppl on ships to get on their ships and fight for them. Americans kept getting this bc britain would claim they were runaway british ppl

XYZ Affair

US sent diplomats to France, but France’s foreign minister said they would have to pay him lots and other stuff to see him. Ppl were mad and it created a quasi-war where no one had declared war but they were attacking each others’ ships. Resolved in 1800

Embargo Act, 1807

All US ports closed to export shipping, restrictions on imports, to stop impressment

War of 1812

Trade issues, british impressment, etc all caused it. Resulted in a stalemate, but america believed they won and felt very patriotic

Manifest Destiny

We must expand to west bc we’re great

Annexation of Texas, 1845

Texas declared independence like a decade earlier but US rejected it bc it’d be a slave state and to not anger mexico, who didn’t recognize it’s indepednce. But president polk didn’t care so

Mexican-American War, 1846-48

Fight over borders and territory. Partially bc annexing texas, a fight at the rio grande border.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848

Ended mexican american war

Indian Removal Act, 1830

Allowed president to grant lands to natives that reolcated to the west. Tribes persuaded, bribed, and threatened into moving

Trail of Tears

Southeastern natives being forced to the okaloma area and dying

Indian Appropriations Act, 1851

Rservation system

Indian Appropriations Bill, 1871

US Government ceases to recognize tribes as independent nations

Ghost Dance

Dance that would bring spirits to fight for natives and bring peace, stop americans

Battle of Little BigHorn, 1876

Significant battle in the great sioux war. Natives won

Dawes Act, 1887

Break up reservation land and give it to individuals or familiies, encouraging farming

Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890

Killed 300 lakota ppl b

Indian Boarding Schools, Imperialism

We know

Indian Citizenship Act, 1924

Declared natives born in US are citizens

Monroe Doctrine

Any europeans in the western hemisphree = bad. Back off from our western hemisphere (no one took it seriously)

Spanish-American War

America thought spanish colonialism was evil and they fought them. Then they took over cuba, puerto rico, and the phillipines and did their own colonialism, because it’s cool when we do it

Senator Albert Beveridge

Supported annexing the philippines, stupid imperialist guy. Awful racist guy

Jingoism

Nationalism, causing aggressive/warlike foreign policy

Annexation of Hawaii

Hawaii was queenless for a few years and then was annexed in 1898 bc it’d be useful to access the philippines. And imperialism

Philippine-American War

Filipinos fought back america after being annexed to the US. they did fail. 1899-1902. Rebellions did follow though

USS Maine

Ship that exploded near cuba and blamed on the spanish, leading to spanish american war

Yellow Journalism

Sensationlized reporting. Partially led to disliking of spanish colonization bc they exaggerated how awful it was in areas they colonized

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore roosevelt - “speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”. Have big military but act justly, and strike only when prepared to strike hard. Be peaceful but strong and scary

Roosevelt Corollary

US would intervene if nations in the western hemisphere didn’t fulfill their international obligations or violated rights of the US. Supposedly a “last resort”, justified military force in cuba, nicaragua, haiti, dominican republic

Panama Canal

The project taken over by US in 1904. Joint ownership with panana from 1977-99. Now panama’s

Woodrow Wilson

President during WW1, progressive guy, loved his 14 points and league of nations

Lusitania

British ship sunk by germany that included americans. Increased support for entering ww1

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Submarines attack ships without warning. Germany used in both world wars. But I think APUSH cares about it in ww1 more

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram from germany suggested alliance between them and mexico, promising to help them get back territory. America got it and soon after america entered ww1

14 Points

Woodrow wilson wanted these in the treaty of versailles to keep peace

Treaty of Versailles

Ended ww1

League of Nations

Og UN variant but kind of sucked

Cash and Carry

Can purchase nonmilitary goods from US if they used cash and did all transport themselves

Lend Lease

US would supply allied nations with food, oil, and materials. Allowed president to aid countries he saw as vital to national security

Arsenal of Democracy

Effforts of american democracy to support the allies, concentrated in industrial centers of the US

America First Committee

Group against entering ww2, isolationist. Dissolved after pearl harbor. Argued no one would attack them and they’d be fine. Were often anti-semitic

Pearl Harbor

Bombing of pearl harbor by japan bc they wanted to strike first

Island Hopping

US captured some islands, but avoided heavily fortified ones. Can be faster and cut off supply to heavily fortified islands, so it’s cool. Somewhat effective

Two-front War

US had to fight in europe and the pacific.

D-Day

Usually refers to the day of the normandy landings during ww2

Normandy

Allied invasion of normandy during ww2, led to allied victory in europe

Yalta Conference

Ww2 meet of US, UK, USSR to discuss germany and europe recognition. Wanted to shape peace and self-determination

Potsdam Conference

US, UK, USSR meet to dicuss germany, issues of peace treaty. Second (important) conference after ww2

United Nations

Made after ww2. I can’t describe but you know

Veto Power

In the UN, china, france, russia, UK, and US, can veto things. Even one veto is enough

Marshall Plan

Aid to europe to rebuild, bc they shouldn’t be communist ew

Bretton Woods

Conference that established the international monetary fund and Work Bank

International Monetary Fund

Founded by UN at bretton woods to help govts financially, as a last resort

World Bank

Founded by UN at bretton woods to give loans and grants to govts for economic development purposes

NATO

North atlantic treaty organization. America, canada, and non-satelitte state europe. Mostly for Cold War purposes, though still exists now bc why not I guess

Collective Security

Attack on one is a concern for all. Idea behind UN and NATO

Containment

Stop the spread of communism

Detente

Relaxing strained relationships and calming down (cold war)

Salvadore Allende

(Chile). First marxist to be president in latin america, made the US cry. CIA helped a coup against him succeed and chile become worse after (yay)

Jacobo Arbenz (Guatemala)

Policies inconvenience the United Fruit Company and the US helped throw a coup for him too

Bay of Pigs (Cuba)

Failed attempt to overthrow communist fidel castro with cuban exiles

SALT treaties

Strategic arms limitation talks. Lead to reduction of nuclear weapons

Truman Doctrine

US would help all democratic nations “under threat” bc cold war. Marked the beginning of the us intervening a lot

Domino Theory

One nation falls to communism, the nearby ones do. Eisenhower named it

Decolonization

Large wave of decolonization after ww2, though some after ww1 too

Non-aligned movement

Countries not associated with cold war, formed after korean war. Non-nato and non-warsaw pact countries. And mostly developing nations

First, Second, Third World

First world - US, western europe, allies. Second - communist bloc. Remaining - third world

Vietnamization

Nixon’s plan to back out of the vietnam war by helping south vietnames forces while slowly backing out of there.they did back out, but vietnam full to communism

Reagan Doctrine

Lets really really help anyone fighting communism

Strategic Defense Initiative

“Star wars”, proposed by reagan by attacking missilies in space so no nuclear attack would happen

Geneva Summit

Reagan and gorbachev (soviet general secretary) meet in 1985. Helped to reset relations

Afghanistan (mujahideen)

Islamist afghan fighters in the soviet-afghan war, against soviets. Took the capital city succesffuly but quickly fell apart and a second civil happened

START treaties

Strategic arms reduction treaty - reducing of arms.

Unipolar world

Only one superpower, being US. compared to bipolar - US and USSR

Somalia

In early 1990s, dictatorship ended but no govt. Ethnic clans fought and mass violence, drought, lack of food. US helped with famine relief but then 18 americans died due to the violence and america pulled out

Bosnia

Early 1990s, Bosnian Serb forces did ethnic cleansing. Peacekeepers were sent, and then military intervention

CSTO

Collective security treaty organization - alliance formed between six post-soviet states

APEC

Asia-pacific economic cooperation. Countries on the pacific rim that promote free trade

Global War on Terror

Caused war in afghanistan and iraq. Fighting terrorism

Al-Qaeda

Organization that caused 9/11 and yeah

Invasion of Afghanistan

US invaded 2001 bc al qaeda was there. Overthrew taliban and occupied it until 2021

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

Weapon that can kill or harm many ppl/structures

Invasion of Iraq

US used war on terror to justify invading Iraq in 2003. Installed democratic govt but civil war after and the invasion was completely unjustified.

George W. Bush Doctrine

To spread democracy, especially in middle east

preemption/prevention

Attacking when you know an enemy will attack (legal internationally) / attacking when you THINK there’s a threat. Not legal internationally. Bush made preventative attacks (like with iraq) look preemptive

domestic dependent nation

Native nations are sovereign but they also rely on the US govt and are part of it and it’s weird

denial and deception

(ww2 related?) Denial - security and concealment to prevent ANYONE (foreign or not) from revealing secret diplomatic or military matters.

Deception: intentionally "leaked" false information, false stories implanted in the media, dummy or decoy structures or military formations, etc.

voluntary socieites

reform socieites ppl joined. yes this is unit 5. do I care?