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Rationalism

A belief that actors survey their environment and choose strategies that best meet their defined goals.

Kim Jong-un

Current leader of North Korea, whose power dynamics are assessed in decision-making scenarios.

Utility (U)

A measure of satisfaction or value of different outcomes in decision-making.

Prospect Theory

A behavioral economic theory that suggests losses impact decisions more than gains.

Behavioral Economics

Field that combines psychology and economics to understand decision-making processes.

Hegemony

Preponderance of power in international relations, often exhibited by a single dominant state.

Power Transition Theory

Theory that suggests rising powers may pose risks of conflict as they challenge existing powers.

Security Dilemma

A situation where one state's security measures cause insecurity in another state.

Democratic Backsliding

Erosion of democratic institutions in countries experiencing a decline in democratic norms.

Global Public Health

Focuses on health policies addressing large populations and systemic social problems.

Deterrence

The practice of preventing aggression by threatening significant repercussions.

Transitivity

A property of preference where if A > B and B > C, then A > C.

Crisis Economics

Field examining economic responses in light of significant events like wars or pandemics.

Ambition vs Apathy

The dichotomy of active versus passive attitudes in international political engagement.

Negative Connotations

Refers to the aspects that portray a detrimental view of an action or state.

Isolationism

A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, particularly in international relations.

U.S. Dominance

The status of the United States as a predominant global power in military and economics.

Self-Defense

Justification for a country to engage in military action when it is under direct threat.

Mutually Destructive War

A conflict where both sides stand to lose significantly, discouraging combat.

Political Polarization

The process where the public opinion divides significantly and opposes each other.

Social Responsibility

The obligation to act for the benefit of society at large.

Public Health Diplomacy

Efforts to promote global health in international relations and partnerships.

WHO

World Health Organization; an agency that coordinates international public health policies.

International Relations (IR)

The study of the interactions between countries and global entities.

U.N. Security Council (UNSC)

A body of the UN responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

COVAX

A global initiative aimed at equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines.

Crisis Management

Strategies implemented to deal with emergencies or crises.

Social Problems

Issues that affect a large number of people and Harm their well-being.

Public Responsibility

The duty of individuals and organizations to act in the interest of society.

Systemic Issues

Fundamental problems within a system that affect its function and equality.

Political Ambition

The drive of political actors to pursue power and influence.

Undemocratic Means

Tactics employed that undermine democratic governance and processes.

Illiberalism

Political ideology that rejects or undermines democratic norms in governance.

Economic Decline

A reduction in economic performance and growth rates in a country.

Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself without outside interference.

National Debt

Total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed.

Democracy's Expansion

The process through which democratic governance spreads globally.

Behavioral Biases

Cognitive biases that affect decision-making processes.

Zero-COVID Policy

China's strict measure to eliminate COVID-19 cases completely.

Pharmaceutical Companies

Firms engaged in the research, development, and production of medications.

Asylum Seekers

Individuals who flee their home country and seek refuge in another due to persecution.

Migration Crisis

A significant movement of people, often due to conflict, economic hardship, or environmental disasters.

Risk Calculation

The assessment of potential risks and benefits involved in a decision.

Backlash and Revolution

Responses against political plans that may lead to significant upheaval.

Economic Transition

A shift from one economic system or model to another, often involving structural changes.

Military Overreach

Instances where a military's actions extend beyond reasonable or justified limits.

Domestic Political Actors

Individuals or groups within a country influencing political outcomes.

Influence of Technology

The role that technological advancements play in shaping political and social dynamics.

Hegemony

Great amount of power, dominant political power over the states

IDP

Internally displaced person, when someone’s pushed away from country