CH 15 muscle movement types

4 factors affecting type of movement synovial joints can produce

1. muscle orientation + insertion

2. other muscles on same orientation + insertion

3. type of joint btwn bones

4. muscle tension/contraction

recap: name the 6 synovial joint subcategories

• hinge

• pivot

• saddle

• plane

• condyloid

• ball-and-socket

flexion and extension

flexion: bending neck/body

• lateral flexion: bending left/right

extension: straightening from flexed position

synovial joint types for flexion + extension

• hinge (knee, elbow, ankle)

• condyloid (metacarpophalangeal/knuckle, radiocarpal wrist)

• saddle (sternoclavicular, first carpometacarpal of thumb)

• ball-and-socket (shoulder joint, hip joint)

hyperextension, hyperflexion

hyperextension: abnormal extension of joint beyond normal ROM

hyperflexion: excessive flexion at a joint

common synovial joints for hyperextension

• hinge joints: knee, ankle, elbow

abduction and adduction

abduction: moving limb laterally away from body midline

• ex/ spreading fingers/toes apart

adduction: moving limb medially towards midline

• ex/ bringing fingers/toes together

synovial joint types with abduction + adduction movements

• condyloid

• saddle: sternoclavicular, carpometacarpal of thumb

• ball-and-socket: shoulder joint, hip joint

circumduction

movement in circular manner; one end stationary, other in circular motion

• involves flexion + extension, adduction and abduction

synovial joints involving circumduction

• condyloid: metacarpophalangeal finger joints, radiocarpal wrist

• saddle: sternoclavicular, first carpometacarpal of thumb

• ball-and-socket: hip, shoulder joints

rotation

twisting movement of body part around vertical axis

• ex/ shaking head no

• moving humerus/femur toward (medial rotation) midline

• moving humerus/femus away from (lateral rotation) midline

synovial joints with rotation occurring

• ball-and-socket: shoulder, hip joints

• pivot joint: atlantoaxial joint (C1, C2)

circumduction, difference btwn circumduction + rotation

circular movement; one end of body region stays stationary, other moves in a circular motion

difference btwn rotation + circumduction:

• rotation = movement on a single axis, bone spins in place

• circumduction = circular path of movement

  • occurs at both bi-axial and multi-axial joints

supination and pronation, supinated position and pronated position

(movement at forearm)

pronation: motion of forearm from anatomical position to palm-backward position

supination: motion restoration of forearm to palm facing anteriorly (anatomical position)

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pronated position: palm faces backwards

supinated position: palm faces forwards (anatomical position)

supination and pronation are a _____ movement type

• in pronation the ___ rotates over the ____

• in supination the ____ and ____ are parallel

[rotational]

• [radius] [ulna]

• [radius] [ulna]

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

(movement at ankle joint)

dorsiflexion: lifting front of foot

plantar flexion: pointing toes downward/lifting heel of foot

inversion and eversion

inversion: turning foot toward midline

eversion: turning foot away from midline

synovial joints involving inversion/eversion

• plane joint: tarsal bones of foot

protraction and retraction

protraction: when scapula or mandible move forward

• scapula pushing against something

• sticking out mandible

retraction: when scapula or mandible move backward

depression and elevation

depression: downward movement of scapula or mandible

elevation: upward movement of scapula or mandible

ex/ chewing something/shrugging shoulders