AQA GCSE Physics - Electricity

What is the circuit symbol for an ammeter?

What is the circuit symbol for an ammeter?

Ammeter

What is the circuit symbol for a battery?

Battery

What is the circuit symbol for a cell?

Cell

What is the circuit symbol for a diode?

Diode

What is the circuit symbol for a fuse?

Fuse

What is the circuit symbol for a lamp (bulb)?

Lamp (Bulb)

What is the circuit symbol for an LDR?

LDR

What does LDR stand for?

<b>L</b>ight <b>D</b>ependent <b>R</b>esistor

What is the circuit symbol for an LED?

LED

What is the circuit symbol for a resistor?

Resistor

What is the circuit symbol for a closed switch?

Switch (closed)

What is the circuit symbol for an open switch?

Switch (open)

What is the circuit symbol for a thermistor?

Thermistor

What is the circuit symbol for a variable resistor?

Variable Resistor

What is the circuit symbol for a voltmeter?

Voltmeter

For electrical charge to flow through a closed circuit the circuit must include a source of _________ __________

<b>Potential Difference</b>

Electric current is a <b>flow</b> of electrical ______

<b>Charge</b>

The size of an electric _______ is the rate of flow of electrical charge

<b>current</b>

Charge flow, current and time are linked by the equation

<b>charge flow = current x time</b>

Unit of charge flow, Q

<b>coulombs, C</b>

Unit of current, I

<b>amps, A</b>

Unit of time, t

<b>seconds, s</b>

Current has the same value at any point in a ______ circuit

<b>series</b>

The current (I) through a component depends on both the __________ of the component and the potential difference (V) across the component

<b>Resistance (R)</b>

For a given potential difference (voltage), the greater the resistance of the component the smaller the _______

<b>current</b>

Current, potential difference or resistance can be calculated using the equation

<b>potential difference = current x resistance</b>

Unit of potential difference, V

<b>volts, V</b>

Unit of resistance, R

<b>ohms, Ω</b>

The current through an ohmic conductor (at <b>constant temperature</b>) is ________ ____________ to the potential difference across the resistor.

<b>directly proportional</b>

The resistance of components such as lamps, diodes, thermistors and LDRs is not constant; it changes with the _______ through the component

<b>current</b>

The resistance of a filament lamp increases as the ___________ of the filament increases

<b>temperature</b>

The current through a diode flows in ___ _________ only

<b>one direction</b>

The _____ has a very high resistance in the reverse direction

<b>diode</b>

The resistance of a __________ decreases as the temperature increases

<b>thermistor</b>

The resistance of an LDR decreases as _____ _________ increases

<b>light intensity</b>

An ___ can be used to switch lights on when it gets dark

<b>LDR</b>

A __________ can be used to switch heaters on when it gets cold

<b>thermistor</b>

There are two ways of joining electrical components, in series and in ________

<b>parallel</b>

For components connected in <b>series</b> there is the same _______ through each component

<b>current</b>

For components connected in <b>series</b> the total potential difference of the power supply is ______ between the components

<b>shared</b>

For components connected in <b>series</b> the total __________ of two or more components is the sum of the __________ of each component

<b>resistance</b>

For components connected in <b>parallel</b> the potential difference across each component is...

<b>the same</b>

For components connected in <b>parallel</b> the total _______ through the whole circuit is the sum of the _______ through the separate branches

<b>current</b>

For components connected in <b>parallel</b> the total resistance of two or more resistors is ____ ____ the resistance of the smallest individual resistor

<b>less than</b>

Mains electricity uses __________ ______

<b>alternating current</b>

In a <b>series</b> circuit, components are connected in...

<b>one loop</b>

The alternating current used in UK mains electricity has a frequency of ____

<b>50Hz</b>

In a <b>parallel</b> circuit, components are connected in...

<b>more than one loop</b>

The potential difference of UK mains electricity is about ___ Volts

<b>230</b>

Most electrical appliances are connected to the mains using _____-____ _____

<b>three-core cable</b>

The _____ wire carries the alternating potential difference from the supply

<b>live</b>

The ______ wire completes the circuit

<b>neutral</b>

Direct potential difference induces current to...

<b>flow in one direction</b>

The ______ wire is a safety wire to stop the appliance becoming live

<b>earth</b>

Alternating potential difference induces current to...

<b>alternate the direction of flow</b>

The potential difference between the live wire and earth is about ___ Volts

<b>230</b>

The potential difference across the neutral wire is at, or close to ___ Volts

<b>0</b>

The colour of the insulation covering the LIVE wire is...

<b>brown</b>

For a given resistance, as the potential difference across a device increases, the _______ through a device will also increase

<b>current</b>

The colour of the insulation covering the NEUTRAL wire is...

<b>blue</b>

If the current through a device increases, the amount of ______ transferred per second (power) will also increase

<b>energy</b>

The colour of the insulation covering the EARTH wire is...

<b>green & yellow</b>

Power of-, potential difference across- and current through a device are linked by the equation

<b>power= potential difference x current</b>

Power & resistance of a device, and current through a device are linked by the equation

Unit of power, P

<b>watts, W</b>

Everyday electrical appliances are designed to bring about ______ transfers

<b>energy</b>

If an appliance becomes live a person could experience an...

<b>electric shock</b>

The amount of ______ an appliance transfers depends on how long the appliance is switched on for and the power of the appliance

<b>energy</b>

____ is done when charge flows in a circuit

<b>Work</b>

The amount of energy transferred by electrical work can be calculated using the equation

<b>energy transferred = power x time</b>

The _____ wire is at 0 Volts, it only carries a current if there is a fault

<b>earth</b>

Energy, charge flow and potential difference of a device are linked by the equation

<b>energy transferred= charge flow x potential difference</b>

Unit of energy transferred, E

<b>joules, J</b>

A more powerful device will transfer energy ______ than a less powerful one

<b>quicker</b>

The ________ ____ is a system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers

<b>National Grid</b>

Electrical _____ is transferred from power stations to consumers using the National Grid

<b>power</b>

Step-up transformers are used to ________ the potential difference from the power station to the transmission cables

<b>increase</b>

Step-down transformers are used to ________, to a safe value, the potential difference for domestic use

<b>decrease</b>

Step-up transformers dramatically decrease the _______ flowing in the transmission cables

<b>current</b>

Less current flowing in the transmission cables means less _____ lost due to heating effects

<b>power</b>

Less power lost in the transmission cables means the National Grid is more _________

<b>efficient</b>

When certain __________ are rubbed against each other they become electrically charged

<b>insulators</b>

When two insulating materials experience friction negatively charged _________ transfer from one insulator to the other

<b>electrons</b>

Insulators that transfer electrons <b>to another</b> insulator become __________ charged

<b>positively</b>

Insulators that <b>gain</b> electrons from another insulator become __________ charged

<b>negatively</b>

When two electrically charged objects are brought close together they exert a _____ on each other

<b>force</b>

Two objects that carry the <b>same</b> type of charge will _____ when brought close together

<b>repel</b>

Two objects that carry <b>different</b> types of charge will _______ when brought close together

<b>attract</b>

Attraction and repulsion between two charged objects are examples of ___-_______ force

<b>non-contact</b>

A charged object creates an ________ _____ around itself

<b>electric field</b>

The electric field is _________ close to the charged object

<b>strongest</b>

The further away from the charged object, the ______ the electric field

<b>weaker</b>

A second charged object placed in an electric field experiences a _____

<b>force</b>

The force between two charged objects gets stronger as the distance between the objects _________

<b>decreases</b>

The field lines around a negatively charged sphere radiate _______ the centre

<b>towards</b>

The field lines around a positively charged sphere radiate _______ from the centre

<b>outwards</b>