Reconstruction and Western Expansion Review

Under Lincoln's lenient Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Act to readmit the defeated Confederate States, (a.k.a. the Ten Percent Plan) what were the required terms of those states before they could be accepted?

-the government would pardon all Confederates (except high-ranking officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war) who swear allegiance to the Union

-as soon as they took this oath of allegiance, a Confederate state could form a new state government and send representatives and senators to Congress

What were the two major differences under Johnson's plan for readmitting the defeated Confederate States?

-Johnson tried to break the planters' power by excluding high-ranking

Confederates and wealthy southern landowners from taking oath

Needed for voting privileges

-Johnson also pardoned more than 13,000 former Confederates

Because he believed that "white men alone must manage the South"

Explain the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau that was established in February 1866.

-it assisted former slaves and poor whites in the South by distributing

Clothing and food

-the Bureau also set up more than 40 hospitals, approximately 4,000

Schools, 61 Industrial institutes, and 74 teacher-training centers

The "black codes" were created in response to which amendment ratified in 1866 and why?

-the black codes were created in response to the Civil Rights Act of

1866.......they severely restricted African American lives

What rights did the 14th Amendment grant? (1866)

-this prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any U.S.

Citizen....."all persons born or naturalized in the United States."

it intended to overrule and nullify the Dred Scott decision

What rights did the 15th Amendment grant? (1870)

-no one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous

Condition of servitude.

What was a carpetbagger and why did some of them earn a negative reputation?

-northerners who moved to the South after the war

-some were dishonest and greedy people who hoped to profit from

Southerners' misfortunes

Why were scalawags considered traitors in the South?

-white southerners who joined the Republican Party to have greater political opportunities

-they considered scalawags traitors to their southern heritage

What were the goals of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) towards the end of Reconstruction?

-to destroy the Republican Party

-to throw out the Reconstruction governments

-to aid the planter class

-and to prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights

Do you think that Reconstruction had positive effects on southern society? Why or Why not?

-answers will vary but consider some of these points: (the formation of the Ku Klux Klan, the establishment of African American churches and schools, why so many African Americans turned to share cropping, etc)

• Reconstruction had both good and bad effects on southern society. On the positive side, it helped African Americans create schools and churches, which gave them a chance to learn and build a community. Some African Americans also got the chance to hold political office. But there were also negatives. The Ku Klux Klan formed during this time and used violence to stop Black people from enjoying their new rights. Many African Americans had to work as sharecroppers, which often kept them in poverty because they couldn't earn enough to pay off debts. So, while Reconstruction helped in some ways, it also faced a lot of challenges that made lasting change difficult.

Exodusters

African Americans who migrated in the 1870's from the post-Reconstruction South

Assimilation

a plan in which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of the white culture.

What effect did the transcontinental railroad have on the culture of the Native Americans?

-the expansion of the railroad meant more land was needed

-government changed its reservation policy and designated the plains as one large reservation and created treaties that defined specific boundaries for each nation)

-the railroads also contributed to the destruction of the buffalo by letting its passengers shoot buffalo from trains

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?

-to offer free land to any citizen or intended citizen who was the head of the household

Why did African American migrate West from southern states in the late 1870's? These African Americans that migrated were given a nickname.......what was the nickname and why were they called this?

• the withdrawal of federal troops from the South in 1877 led to segregation laws and violent attacks from groups such as the Ku Klux Klan

-the Homestead Act gave African Americans the chance to build their own land and start new lives

-the Exodusters because the massive migration came to be called the "Great Exodus"

Populism is considered to be "the movement of the people." It can also be called the "People's Party." What were the economic reforms proposed by the Populists?

-increase in money supply -a graduated income tax

-bank regulation -federal loan program

-called for government ownership and regulation of railroad and telegraph companies

In addition to the economic reforms proposed, what were the governmental reforms they proposed?

-election of U.S. Senators by popular vote

-single terms for the president and the vice-president

-a secret ballot to end voter fraud

-an eight-hour workday

-restrictions on immigration

How did the railroads help open the West?

-made it easier to travel quickly -to recruit settlers

-to communicate -bring supplies for building towns and

businesses