P2-Electricity

What is the rule for current in a Series circuit?

Current is the same EVERYWHERE

What is the rule for voltage in a series circuit?

The total voltage is shared between the components.

What happens to the total resistance when you add more components in series?

The total resistance increases.

What is the rule for voltage in a parallel circuit?

The voltage is the same across each branch.

What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?

The total current Splits up at junctions.

What happens to the total resistance when you add a new branch in parallel?

The total resistance decreases.

 How can you tell a circuit is series?

There is only one single path for current.

How can you tell a circuit is parallel?

The wire splits into two or more paths.

Why does the total resistance INCREASE in a Series but DECREASE in a Parallel?

In a Series circuit current has only one path for flow so total resistance sums up (INCREASES). In a Parallel circuit current has multiple paths to flow making it easier for current to flow with more paths available it is easier for the total current to flow, so the overall resistance decreases 

What happens if a bulb breaks in a Series Circuit?

All the other bulbs go out, the circuit is broken

What happens when a bulb breaks in a Parallel Circuit?

The other bulbs stay on Parallel circuits are INDEPENDENT they have their own loop.

What are the parts of a Standard UK mains plug?

A fuse, Live wire, Earth wire, Neutral wire, cable grip & cable

What is the job of a Fuse?

The Fuse is in the plug for safety the wire inside is very thin and melts if their is too much current when it melts it stops current from flowing

What is the job of the live wire ?

Carries alternating potential difference from the mains supply to the appliance to make it work

What happens to the Potential Difference in a Live Wire? 

It alternates between Positive and Negative

What is the total Potential Difference across the Live Wire?

230 Volts

What would happen if you touch the Live Wire?

its dangerous because the potential difference of 230 volts is applied across your whole body which can be fatal and lead to a lethal shock

What is the Colour of the Live Wire?

BROWN

What is the job of a Neural Wire?

Takes current away from the appliance and completes the Circuit

What is the Colour of a Neutral Wire?

BLUE

What is the job of an Earth Wire?

Saves you from ELECTRIC SHOCK

How does an Earth Wire Work as a Safety Mechanism?

It works by being connected to the outer casing of an appliance, so if the live wire touches the casing, it becomes live(dangerous) since it’s connected to the outer casing, the current flows through the earth wire into the ground, making the appliance safe to touch

What is the Colour of an Earth Wire?

It has YELLOW & GREEN Stripes

What is the Potential Difference of an Earth Wire?

0 Volts

What is the job of a cable grip?

Keeps all the Wire in place at the bottom of the Plug

Is the Cable grip a Safety Feature?

No just keeps all the Wires in Place

What is the job a Cable?

Keeps all the Wires together to connect the Plug to the Appliance

Is the Cable & Cable grip a Safety Feature & Does it have a Potential Difference across it?

NO 0 Volts

Does the Fuse carry Current?

Yes

What are the Similarities of a Fuse, Live & Neural Wire?

They all carry CURRENT

Does the Earth Wire Carry Current?

NO Unless their is a FAULT

What is AC?

Alternating Current

What is DC?

Direct current

What is the Difference between AC & DC?

AC alternates current and DC is direct current and can only go in 1 direction

What is an example of Direct current?

Cells and batteries because they have a fixed direction or Potential difference

What is the National Grid?

A system of cables and transformers that supply electricity to our homes

What does a Step up transformer do?

Increases Voltage and Decreases Current

What does a Step Down Transformer do?

INCREASES Current & DECREASES Volatge

How does The National grid Work?

The national grid carries generated electricity over long distances at high voltage and low current to be efficient and non-wasteful. Before it reaches our homes, a step-down transformer decreases the voltage for safety and increases the current.

What is the standard voltage and frequency of the domestic electricity supply in the UK?

230 Volts & Frequency of 50 hz

What is the equation linking Charge flow Current & time?

Q= IT

What is the EXACT shape of the I-V graph for an Ohmic conductor e.g fixed resistor & why?

A straight line through the orgin because resistance is constant

Why does the filament lamp's I-V graph curve? (3-step cause & effect)

Current increases, Temperature increases, & Resistance increases.

Describe IV Graph for a Diode

Flat line across the x-axis, then goes up almost vertically because of high resistance in one direction, so current can only flow in the other direction

What does a straight line I-V graph through (0,0) tell you about resistance?

Resistance is constant (and Ohm's Law is obeyed).

What is an ohmic conductor?

A fixed resistor where the resistance is constant 

Why is it called Ohmic Conductor

Because it obeys Ohms Law

What is Ohms Law?

The more Voltage then the more current the resistance doesn’t change 

V=IR

What is the rule for current in a Series circuit?

Current is the same EVERYWHERE

What is the rule for voltage in a series circuit?

The total voltage is shared between the components.

What happens to the total resistance when you add more components in series?

The total resistance increases.

What is the rule for voltage in a parallel circuit?

The voltage is the same across each branch.

What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?

The total current Splits up at junctions.

What happens to the total resistance when you add a new branch in parallel?

The total resistance decreases.

 How can you tell a circuit is series?

There is only one single path for current.

How can you tell a circuit is parallel?

The wire splits into two or more paths.

Why does the total resistance INCREASE in a Series but DECREASE in a Parallel?

In a Series circuit current has only one path for flow so total resistance sums up (INCREASES). In a Parallel circuit current has multiple paths to flow making it easier for current to flow with more paths available it is easier for the total current to flow, so the overall resistance decreases 

What happens if a bulb breaks in a Series Circuit?

All the other bulbs go out, the circuit is broken

What happens when a bulb breaks in a Parallel Circuit?

The other bulbs stay on Parallel circuits are INDEPENDENT they have their own loop.

What is AC?

Alternating Current

What is DC?

Direct current

What is the Difference between AC & DC?

AC alternates current and DC is direct current and can only go in 1 direction

What is an example of Direct current?

Cells and batteries because they have a fixed direction or Potential difference

What is the National Grid?

A system of cables and transformers that supply electricity to our homes

What does a Step up transformer do?

Increases Voltage and Decreases Current

What does a Step Down Transformer do?

INCREASES Current & DECREASES Volatge

How does The National grid Work?

The national grid carries generated electricity over long distances at high voltage and low current to be efficient and non-wasteful. Before it reaches our homes, a step-down transformer decreases the voltage for safety and increases the current.

What is the standard voltage and frequency of the domestic electricity supply in the UK?

230 Volts & Frequency of 50 hz

What is the equation linking Charge flow Current & time?

Q= IT

What is the EXACT shape of the I-V graph for an Ohmic conductor e.g fixed resistor & why?

A straight line through the orgin because resistance is constant

Why does the filament lamp's I-V graph curve? (3-step cause & effect)

Current increases, Temperature increases, & Resistance increases.

Describe IV Graph for a Diode

Flat line across the x-axis, then goes up almost vertically because of high resistance in one direction, so current can only flow in the other direction

What does a straight line I-V graph through (0,0) tell you about resistance?

Resistance is constant (and Ohm's Law is obeyed).

What is an ohmic conductor?

A fixed resistor where the resistance is constant 

Why is it called Ohmic Conductor

Because it obeys Ohms Law

What is Ohms Law?

The more Voltage then the more current the resistance doesn’t change 

V=IR

What are the parts of a Standard UK mains plug?

A fuse, Live wire, Earth wire, Neutral wire, cable grip & cable

What is the job of a Fuse?

The Fuse is in the plug for safety the wire inside is very thin and melts if their is too much current when it melts it stops current from flowing

What is the job of the live wire ?

Carries alternating potential difference from the mains supply to the appliance to make it work

What happens to the Potential Difference in a Live Wire? 

It alternates between Positive and Negative

What is the total Potential Difference across the Live Wire?

230 Volts

What would happen if you touch the Live Wire?

its dangerous because the potential difference of 230 volts is applied across your whole body which can be fatal and lead to a lethal shock

What is the Colour of the Live Wire?

BROWN

What is the job of a Neural Wire?

Takes current away from the appliance and completes the Circuit

What is the Colour of a Neutral Wire?

BLUE

What is the job of an Earth Wire?

Saves you from ELECTRIC SHOCK

How does an Earth Wire Work as a Safety Mechanism?

It works by being connected to the outer casing of an appliance, so if the live wire touches the casing, it becomes live(dangerous) since it’s connected to the outer casing, the current flows through the earth wire into the ground, making the appliance safe to touch

What is the Colour of an Earth Wire?

It has YELLOW & GREEN Stripes

What is the Potential Difference of an Earth Wire?

0 Volts

What is the job of a cable grip?

Keeps all the Wire in place at the bottom of the Plug

Is the Cable grip a Safety Feature?

No just keeps all the Wires in Place

What is the job a Cable?

Keeps all the Wires together to connect the Plug to the Appliance

Is the Cable & Cable grip a Safety Feature & Does it have a Potential Difference across it?

NO 0 Volts

Does the Fuse carry Current?

Yes

What are the Similarities of a Fuse, Live & Neural Wire?

They all carry CURRENT

Does the Earth Wire Carry Current?

NO Unless their is a FAULT

What is the rule for current in a Series circuit?

Current is the same EVERYWHERE

What is the rule for voltage in a series circuit?

The total voltage is shared between the components.

What happens to the total resistance when you add more components in series?

The total resistance increases.

What is the rule for voltage in a parallel circuit?

The voltage is the same across each branch.