Development of the economy under H8

The volume of trade….in the first half of the 16th century

increased

there was a continued rise in….exports

cloth

how did the market for raw wool change

declined

there was a significant increase in imports of ….&…..

hides tin

there was an increase in the imports of wine, which suggests that….

the spending power of the more prosperous increased

what suggests that the spending power of the more prosperous increased

increase in imports of wine

how did exports of the cloth trade change

Broadcloths continued to be exported, there was an increase in cheaper fabrics such as kersey & the market for raw rool declines

how did the woollen industry change

The woollen industry grew in the first half of the 16th century

why did the woollen industry grow

in order to keep up with increasing demand

there was growth in the ….industries

mining

what remained a prize export

cornish tin

what was growing in importance

Lead mining in the high Pennies & coal mining in the northeast of England

how did the role of Newcastle change

Newcastle supplying an increasingly important London market by sea

how did blast furnaces play a role

blast furnaces produced an increasing amount of iron ore in Sussex and Kent

by the middle of the 16th century there were…blast furnaces

26

Woollen cloth exports almost …. during H8s reign.

doubled

An increasing proportion of exported cloth was routed through to

London

An increasing proportion of exported cloth was routed through to London, this had a…

negative impact on some other ports (especially Bristol, Hull & Boston) as provincial traders struggled to compete against London rivals

which english town enjoyed a boom

Southampton

how did Southampton enjoy a boom

with trading to Venice this was short-lived and over by the middle of the 16th century

were the english successful with the profits in the cloth trade

Profits from cloth trade didn’t make its way into English pockets - although 70% of cloth exports were transported by English merchants from the 1550s, much of the trade was in foreign hands before this

how did the cloth trade improve status

Profits to be made from cloth especially from rich and entrepreneurial clothiers who were able to acquire wealth & enhance their social status

what was the negative of work from the woollen industry

Work from the woollen industry was not always secure & this could lead to poverty

was exploration a success?

Other merchants that showed an interest in further exploration were unable to win royal support for any venture

what happened with exploration

H8 was uninterested in exploration & made no attempt to build on the early achievements of Cabot and the British merchants at the end of the 15th century

the impact of enclosure was written about in in

Thomas More’s Utopia 1516 which highlighted the harmful social effects

what did Wolsey do in terms of enclosure

launched an enclosure commission to ascertain the scale of the problem

why did Wolsey launch an enclosure commission

In response to More’s Utopia

when did Wolsey launch an enclosure commission

1517

enclosure was still largely a … practice

regional

what legislation was passed in terms of enclosure

in 1534 which attempted to limit sheep ownership & engrossing

was Wolsey’s proceedings against enclosure successful

Wolsey’s proceedings were launched successfully & 188 defendants were found to have enclosed illegally, but the bulk of the damage had been done before 1485

Sheep legislation passed in 1534 had…results

limited

increased population leads to declining…

mortality

Increased population was the main cause of…

economic distress as it put a considerable strain on the supply of food

Beneficiaries of population increase were.…

wealthier farmers & landowners

Changes to society led to…

sterner measures being taken against vagrancy & begging.

The population began to…

grow significantly from 1525

Problem of population was made worse as …

wages were stagnating

Agricultural prices and income from farming ...

rose

there was a growing class of …

substantial farmers

society became more…

polarised

From the 1520s agricultural prices…

rose significantly

Bad harvests led to …

temporary but significant increases in food prices

when were bad harvests

1520-21, 1527-29

there was a … in real waged

decline

there was growing…among rural labourers

unemployment

where did rural labourers find work

rural industries (e.g. weakening/mining) or moved to towns/cities

there was over….migrants a year to London

5000

rising agricultural prices led to an increase in

farming incomes

food princes…in H8s reign

doubled

what was the effect of rising food prices

caused problems for urban workers

real waged…

declined

what indicated considerable urban poverty

assessment for subsidies

some people became homeless due to ..

engrossing

what was the effect of debasement

Created a short-term artificial boom in 1544 - 1546, long-term cost to living standards

Debasement caused…

real wages to decline