Social-Cognitive Learning

Tolman - Spatial Mapping Experiment Bandura - Bobo Doll Social Learning Experiment

Cognitive map

Mental representation of spatial characteristics of a familiar environment

Tolman Experiment 1

tested whether rats develop 'spatial maps' of their environment, rather than a series of chained responses

Latent Learning

Acquisition of a mental representation of learning stored within the nervous system until activated

Tolman and Latent Learning

challenged traditional behaviouralist account of learning and proved that learning could occur in the absence of rewards and punishments

Tolman Experiment 2

Rats weren't rewarded until 11th trial immediately performed equally with rats that had been rewarded from the start. Suggests learning maze prior to reinforcement and were forming a cognitive map that allowed them to navigate it as soon as they received reinforcement.

Social-Cognitive Learning Theory

Theory emphasizing observational learning where learning occurs indirectly through observing others

Spatial Maps

Concept tested by Tolman to determine if rats develop spatial representations of their environment

Maze-Running Experiments

Method used by Tolman to study cognitive maps and spatial learning in rats

Latent Learning Conditions

Situation where learning is non-observable until specific conditions are met to reveal the acquired knowledge

Hidden Learning

Concept where learning remains concealed until motivation or specific conditions prompt its demonstration

Observational Learning

Learning through observing others' actions and their consequences, as demonstrated in Bandura's experiments

Albert Bandura

Psychologist known for his work on observational learning and social-cognitive theory

Albert Bandura Experiment

Bobo Doll vicarious learning and vicarious punishment - learning can occur socially through observation in absence of directly experienced consequences

Vicarious Learning

Learning that occurs indirectly through observing others' experiences and consequences

Positive Reinforcement Bandura

Model told they're a "strong champion" and given sweet treats

Positive Punishment Bandura

Reinforcing agent appeared shaking finger saying "Hey there you big bully. You quit picking on that clown. I won't tolerate it", model spanked, told to stop acting that way

Modeling Consequences

Demonstration of positive reinforcement, positive punishment, or no consequences to influence behavior, as in Bandura's research

Suppression of Behavior

Reduction in the likelihood of reproducing a behavior when observing punishment

Vicarious Reinforcement

Reinforcement experienced indirectly through observing others being rewarded for a behavior

Vicarious Punishment

Punishment experienced indirectly through observing others facing consequences for a behavior

Performance of Aggressive Acts

Behavior influenced by mental representations of observed consequences, as demonstrated in Bandura's research

Latent Learning Reproduction

Ability to reproduce learned behaviors after a period of observation or hidden learning