CHN DAY 2

Epidemiology

occurrence and distribution of diseases

Handwashing

backbone of preventing diseases

Sporadic

High immune; Low susceptible - few cases

Herd immunity

large proportion of people immune

Endemic

always present; number of immune are equal the number of susceptible

Epidemic

sudden increase in the short period of time; high susceptible and low immune

Pandemic

Worldwide epidemic. several countries affected

Point source epidemic

Type of epidemic that simultaneous exposure; single event

Propagated epidemic

Type of epidemic; Person to person

Cyclical/Seasonal Epidemic

Based on the season or weather, example rainy: leptospirosis

Secular Epidemic (variation)

Type of epidemic; change of disease over time

Field Health Service Inform System

recording and reporting system of DOH

Data Summary
Program Monitoring and evaluation
Standardized Facility Database
Accurately and Timely Data
Minimize recording and reporting burden

Objectives of Field Health Service Inform System

Family Treatment Record

Fundamental block of FHSIS; per family

Target Client List

Second building block (per DOH program); sorted file. Example: Pregnant women

Reporting Form

transmitted from one facility to another

Output Report

consolidated reporting form; produced PHO then Regional DOH then DOH Manila

Crude Birth Rate

natural increase of population

Crude Death Rate

normal decrease of population

Maternal mortality rate

Prenatal care

Neonatal Mortality rate

Postpartum care; below 28 days neonate

Infant Mortality Rate

Health Status as the whole community

Fetal Death Rate

Pregnancy wastage

Total Birth / Total population X 1000

Formula of Crude Birth Rate

Total Death / Total Population X 1000

Formula of Crude Death Rate

Total of Death due to Pregnancy / Total live birth X 1000

Formula of Maternal Mortality Rate

Total of Death below 28 days / Total live birth X 1000

Formula of Neonatal Mortality Rate

Total death above 1 year old / Total live birth X 1000

Formula of Infant Mortality Rate

Total Death intrautero / Total live birth X 1000

Formula of Fetal Death Rate

Incidence rate

Acute Disease less than 6 months

Prevalence rate

Chronic Disease more than 6 months

Sex Ratio

Balance of male over female

Swaroop’s Index

Longevity of life

Total number of new cases / total population X 1000

Formula of incidence rate

Total Number of Old and New Cases / Total Population X 100

Formula of Prevalence rate

Male / Female X 100

Formula of Sex Ratio

Total Death 50 above / Total Death X 100

Formula of Swaroop’s Index

Sentrong Sigla

Quality Assurance Program of DOH

BEmOC - Basic Emergency Obstetrical Care

all pregnant women are high risk; to address common problems of pregnancy

track the health and development of both the mother and the child

What is the purpose of the MC Booklet in MCH services?

4th month of pregnancy, 2x per week

When should low-dose Vitamin A (10,000 IU) supplementation start during pregnancy?

teratogenic effect

Why should Vitamin A not be given during the first trimester of pregnancy?

within 6 weeks after delivery

When should high-dose Vitamin A (200,000 IU) be given postpartum?

60 mg, 3x daily

What is the recommended daily dose of iron for pregnant women?

once per pregnancy

How often is iodine (potassium iodide) supplementation given during pregnancy?

Any time or during the 5th–6th month of pregnancy.

When should the first dose of Tetanus Toxoid (TT1) be given?

1 month after TT1

How long after TT1 should TT2 be given?

6 months after TT2

How long after TT2 should TT3 be given?

1 year after TT3

How long after TT3 should TT4 be given?

1 year after TT4

How long after TT4 should TT5 be given?

6 months to 1 year

What is the passive protection duration for the baby after the mother's TT vaccination?

Active protection

What type of protection is provided by TT to the mother?

Passive protection

What type of protection is provided to the baby through the mother's TT vaccination?

RA 9288

detect genetic disorder; prevent complication

Heel Prick

after 24 hours/ between 1-3 days after birth

Congenital Hyperthyroidism
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Galactosemia
G6PD deficiency
Phenylketonuria
Maple Syrup Urine disease

6 genetic Disorders that can be detected in Basic newborn screening

PD 996 (1976)

all children below 8 years old must receive immunization

RA 10152 of 2011

mandatory immunization below 5 years old

Pentavalent Vaccine

a combination vaccine that protects against five diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

PCV vaccine

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Surveillance
Information, education, communication
Cold and logistics
Assessment and Evaluation
Target Setting

Five elements of immunization

Wednesday

National Immunization Day

Monthly

Barangay Health Station

Quarterly

Geographically isolated and Disadvantage Area

Varicella Vaccine
OPV vaccine
MMR Vaccine

Most sensitive vaccines

BCG
Hepa B
Pentavalent
PCV
Rota V
IPV
TT

Least Sensitive Vaccine

(-15 Degree Celsius to -25 Degree Celsius)

Temperature for Most Sensitive Vaccine

Square is lighter than the circle

What parameter that It can be still give the vaccine?

(+ 2 degrees Celsius to 6-degree Celsius)

Temperature for least sensitive vaccine

OPV vaccine

sabin vaccine

IPV

Salk Vaccine

Live attenuated vaccine.

What type of vaccine is the OPV?

oral; on the tongue

route of administration for OPV

Give another 2 drops.

What should you do if the child vomits within 30 minutes of taking OPV?

Do not give another dose

Give another 2 drops.

Killed (inactivated) vaccine.

What type of vaccine is IPV?

Live attenuated (weakened) vaccine.

What type of vaccine is MMR?

Total Population x 2.7%

Formula for eligible population for infant

Total population X 3.5 %

Formula for eligible population for pregnant

Eligible Population X Dose X Wastage Factor

Annual Vaccine Required Formula

1/1-W%

Formula for Wastage factors