Review Pack of EOT G10 General by Dr. Meeta Goklani

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

A measure that describes how much surface area an object has relative to its volume; affects cellular function.

Cytokinesis

The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

Mitosis

A method of cell division where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically unique haploid cells.

Karyotype

An organized profile of a person's chromosomes used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.

Carcinogens

Substances or agents that are known to cause cancer.

Apoptosis

The process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.

Trisomy

A genetic condition resulting in the presence of three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two.

Monosomy

A genetic condition where one chromosome is missing from the chromosome pair.

Phloem

The vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant.

Xylem

The vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Stomata

Small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.

Guard Cells

Cells that surround stomata and regulate gas exchange by opening and closing.

Chromatin

The relaxed form of DNA found in the nucleus during interphase.

Chromosomes

Condensed structures of DNA that become visible during mitosis.

Cell Cycle

The series of phases that a cell goes through in order to divide and produce new cells.

Genetic Variation

Diversity in gene frequencies, often a result of sexual reproduction processes such as meiosis.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is not actively dividing but is preparing for division.