BIOL 205: Mckinley Reading (Chapter 1: A first look at anatomy)

Anatomy

Is the study of structure

Physiology

Studies the function of the body’s structure

What is anatomy two general categories?

• Microscopic

• Gross

What are the subdivisions of microscopic anatomy?

• Cytology

• Histology

What is Cytology ?

The study of single body cells and their internal structures

What is Histology ?

The study of tissue

Comparative Anatomy

looks at the similarities and differences between the anatomy of different species

Developmental Anatomy

Investigates the changes in structure within an individual from conception through maturity

Embryology

Specifically studies developmental changes occurring prior to birth

Regional Anatomy

Examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as one unit

Surface Anatomy

Examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structure as they relate to the skin covering them

Systemic Anatomy

Studies the gross anatomy of each system in the body

Pathologic

Anatomy examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

Radiographic Anatomy

Studies the relationship among internal structures that may be visualized by specific medical imaging procedures, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-ray

Surgical Anatomy

Investigates the anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery

Biological Macromolecules

Are large molecules that form living things

What are the four classes of biological macromolecules?

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

• Lipids

Macromolecules also form organelles

organelles

microscopic structures found within cells

What are the four types of tissues ?

• Epithelial

• Connective

• Muscle

• Nervous

What is the characteristics of living things?

• Organization

• Metabolism

• Growth and development

• Responsiveness

• Adaptation

• Regulation

• Reproduction

What are the 11 organ systems?

• Integumentary

• skeletal

• Muscular

• Nervous

• Endocrine

• Cardiovascular

• Lymphatic

• Respiratory

• Digestive

• Urinary

• Reproduction

What are the anatomical planes?

• Coronal

• Transverse

• Midsagittal

Transverse

Cross-sectional/ horizontal

Coronal

Frontal

Midsagittal

Median

What plane is this?

Transverse

What plane is this?

Coronal

What plane is this?

Midsagittal

Anterior

In front of; toward the front surface

Posterior

In back of; toward the back surface

Dorsal

Toward the back side of the human body

Ventral

Toward the belly side of the human body

Superior

Closer to the head

Inferior

Closer to the feet

Caudal

at the rear or tail end

Cranial (cephalic)

at the head end

Rostral

Toward the nose or mouth

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

On the opposite side

Deep

On the inside, internal to another structure

superficial

on the outside, external to another structure

Proximal

closest to point of attachment to trunk

Distal

Furthest from point of attachment to trunk