Applied Anatomy and Physiology Review Assignment

A collection of vocabulary flashcards from the Applied Anatomy and Physiology course, covering key concepts and definitions.

Gigantism

A condition resulting from overproduction of growth hormone, leading to excessive growth and height.

Acromegaly

A disorder caused by excess growth hormone in adults, characterized by enlarged bones and tissues.

Cushing Syndrome

A disorder characterized by chronic adrenocortical insufficiency, leading to excessive cortisol levels.

Lymphatic System

A network that removes excess fluid from tissues to maintain fluid balance and protect the body from infections.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

A life-threatening condition caused by genetic defects affecting the immune system, not caused by HIV.

Amenorrhea

The absence of menstrual cycles in females.

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus.

Autocrine Chemicals

Chemical signals that locally affect cells of the same type.

Paracrine Chemicals

Chemical signals that locally affect cells of a different type.

Eicosanoids

A major class of paracrine signals involved in various physiological processes.

Active Natural Immunity

Immunity acquired through natural exposure to pathogens.

Active Artificial Immunity

Immunity gained via vaccination or immunization.

Passive Natural Immunity

Immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from mother to child.

Total Lung Capacity

The maximum volume of air the lungs can contain.

Residual Volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal forceful exhalation.

Gynecomastia

Enlargement of male breasts due to hormonal imbalances.

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, characterized by developmental delays.

Menarche

A woman's first menstrual period.

Ovulation

The release of an egg from the ovary.

Meconium

The dark green substance that forms the first feces of a newborn infant.

Endocrine Gland

Its secretions diffuse into blood for distribution

Prostaglandin

A type of paracrine signal

Immunization

The general term that includes deliberate introduction of an antigen or antibody into the body

Passive Artificial Immunity

Type of immunity produces by antivenins, antisera, and antitoxins

Tidal Volume

Volume of air inhaled or exhaled during resting breathing

Vital Capacity

Maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exchanged

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a tidal volume inhalation

Afterbirth

Ejection of placenta

neonate

newborn infant

homozygous recessive

aa

heterozygous

Aa

male genotype

XY

Hirsutism

excessive facial hair in females

Jacob’s Syndrome

XYY

Impotent

Unable to achieve erection

Bulbourethral glands

secretes thick, sticky, alkaline mucus

Prepuce

Foreskin of penis

Corpus Luteum

endocrine structure

Endometrium

uterine lining

Gestation

time of prenatal development

cleavage

blastocyst formation

gastrulation

germ layer formation

chorion

embryo-maternal circulator exchange

human chorionic gonadotropin

Indication of pregnancy

alleles

alternate forms of genes

punnett square

used to determine the probability of inheriting traits

phenotype

visible characteristics

parturition

birth

Insulin

secretes when the blood glucose level increases

Menopause

Ceasing of menstruation

2 process occurring at the same time in menstrual cycle

increased estrogen production and proliferation phase

Klinefelter syndrome

Sterile male, with underdeveloped testes + unusually long arms and legs

Down syndrome (Trisomy-21) results from

nondisjunction

IgG

Largest % of antibodies in the blood

Erection of the penis

occurs when the vascular channels become engorged with blood

Lanugo

baby hair in the womb

Erythropoeitin

Hormone produced by kidneys which stimulates RBC production

Mitosis

parent cell forms 2 daughter cells with same composition of chromosomes - somatic body cells

Meosis

parent cell forms 4 daughter cells with half of the chromosomes - reproductive germ cells

Alveolar Gas Exchange

exchange of O2 and Co2 between blood and tissue cells

Gas Transport

transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissues

Aerobic Respiration

use of O2 and production of CO2 during ATP production

Systemic Gas Exhange

exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Mifepristone

Progesterone antagonist, blocks placentas ability to recognize progesterone

Spermatogenesis

process that produces sperm by the division of spermatogenic cells

Inhibin

hormone secreted by the seminiferous tubules and finalize sperm production

Prostatitis

acute or chronic inflammation of enlarged prostate gland, usually caused by bacteria associated with UTI or STDs

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

hormone secreted from the hypothalamus beginning at puberty, stimulates the pituitary gland to release lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

increases testosterone production

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

increases sperm production