AP Human Geo Unit 4 Exam

Sectarian violence

Conflict within two different branches of the same religion

Executive

Branch of government that enforces the law

Legislative

Branch of government that writes the law

Judicial

Branch of government that interprets the law

Devolution

Decentralizing government and creating regional governments

Irredentism

Belief that a place outside but close to a county’s border should be part of that country

Territoriality

The connection of people, culture, and economic systems to where they live

Berlin Conference

Conference in 1884 to split Africa among imperialist powers in Europe

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Secret Treaty between the UK and France (with Russia and Italy) to divide up the land of the Ottoman Empire after World War 1

Roe v. Wade is an example of

Christian nationalism

Gerrymandering

Illegal altering of a region during processes of political redistricting to a certain party’s advantage

Cracking (Gerrymandering)

Splitting a community in half to make it a minority in the two new districts

Packing (Gerrymandering)

Putting a certain group of people all together in one district

Racial Gerrymandering

Altering a region’s districts so that one race is in the majority over the other

Partisan Gerrymandering

Altering a region’s districts so that one political group has more power over the other

Choke points

Geographical features that forces ships through narrow passages

Democracy

The people have a say in the government, they are somewhat involved

Autocracy

One person rules from the top

Oligarchy

A small group of people hold major power

Communism

Political/economic ideology in opposition with democracy and capitalism, calling for a classless system where things are owned communally and there is no private property

Cultural boundaries

Follows the distribution of cultural features

Physical boundaries

Boundaries of isolation, mountains, deserts.

Geometric boundary

Follows a straight line or the arcs of lat. long.

Superimposed boundary

Political boundary that are drawn with disregard to culture/religion

Relic boundary

A line that used to exist between two places

Consequential boundary

Created by a settlement between two groups that doesn’t enhance one culture over the other

Antecedent boundary

Boundary that existed before colonists

Subsequent boundary

Political boundary created after one or more groups have settled in a region

Multi-state nation

A group of people who share a common characteristic and live in multiple nations

Stateless nation

A group of people without a state they consider home

Autonomous region

An area of a country that has a degree of autonomy or freedom from an external authority

Political Structure

Formal legal institutions that constitute a nation or state (not just a government)

Key reasons for potential conflict

Unclear boundaries, resource exploitation, geo-political competition, lack of international cooperation, and environmental concerns