chapt 11 frqs

The map and table show several specialized manufacturing clusters and smaller nearby towns that are located in special economic zones (SEZs) in China.

1. Describe the spatial pattern of the clusters located on the map.

2. Explain ONE reason for the spatial patterns identified from the map and data table.

3. Define special economic zones (SEZs).

4. Explain how ONE economic policy attracts foreign investments in China's SEZs.

5. Explain why internal migration patterns increase the profits of corporations located in SEZs within China.

6. Explain ONE strength of Wallerstein's world system theory in explaining where these products are made and where these products are sold.

7. Using the data in the table, explain ONE way in which the products listed relate to these clusters' comparative advantage in global trade.

1. The clusters are mostly located along the east coast of China and near megacities.

2. One reason is the clusters need to be near ports for easy transport by ship around the world and low transportation costs.

3. SEZs are areas with different laws than other areas like low taxes, low wages and few regulations on the environment that make the area more attractive to big companies to set up factories there.

4. China’s low minimum wages in SEZs attract foreign investors as they do not have to pay much to the workers.

5. Many people go from lower income regions in the western part of China and come to these SEZs and provide low cost labor.

6. Wallerstein’s model has three categories; Core, Semi-periphery and Peripheral. This picture shows how the a semi-peripheral country like China has low wage labor and makes and exports products out to the core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries for cheap.

7. Products made in the SEZs are very cheap compared to another country’s similar products. Even if the other country can sell better products it cannot sell at a cheaper price than China’s SEZ’s products can.

According to Alfred Weber's theory of industrial location, three factors determine the location of a manufacturing plant: the location of the raw materials, the location of the market, and the transportation costs.

1. Identify an example of a specific industry other than the one portrayed in the map above, that would locate near the market.

2. Using the example provided in part A, explain under what conditions the industry would locate near the market.

3. Identify an example of a specific industry other than the one portrayed in the map above, that would locate near raw materials.

4. . Using the example provided in part C, explain under what conditions the industry would locate near the raw materials.

5. Using the map above and Weberian theory, explain the geography of ethanol plants in the United States.

1. Soft-drink bottling.

2. It would locate near the market because it would be a bulk-gaining industry since a bottled beverage is heavier than an empty beverage. Locating close to market minimizes transportation costs.

3. Copper smelting

4. because copper is heavy and a bulk loosing industry so being near the input minimizes transportation costs.

5. Ethanol plants are near corn because ethanol industry is a bulkreducing industry. In order to minimize transportation costs, ethanol corporations locate near the input, corn, which also maximizes profit.

Industrial location models are used to explain geographic patterns of economic activity. The maps above show automobile factories built before and after 1986 in the United States.

1. Identify ONE change in the geography of automobile factory construction shown by the maps.

2. Identify ANOTHER change in the geography of automobile factory construction shown by the maps.

3. Identify ONE factor related to industrial location that may have contributed to the changes.

4. Explain how the factor identified in part C may have contributed to the changes.

5. Identify ANOTHER factor related to industrial location that may have contributed to the changes.

6. Explain how the factor identified in part E may have contributed to the changes.

1. One change is many factories began being built in the South.

2. Another change is many more plants are owned by foreign companies.

3. One factor is low cost labor.

4. Low cost labor in the South are a result of Right To Work laws which attract corporations to build plants in the South since they can maximize profits and not have to pay workers as much ad they would up North.

5. Government policies

6. Taxes in the South are much lower compared to the North so factories are more likely to be where they will be taxed the least - the South.

The map above shows the main maquiladora centers in Mexico in the year 2000.

1. Define a maquiladora.

2. Refer to the map above to explain the spatial distribution of maquiladoras within Mexico.

3. Discuss ONE factor that explains why Mexico has emerged as an important location in the current global system of industrial organization.

4. Discuss ANOTHER factor that explains why Mexico has emerged as an important location in the current global system of industrial organization.

5. Discuss a THIRD factor that explains why Mexico has emerged as an important location in the current global system of industrial organization.

6. Discuss a FOURTH factor that explains why Mexico has emerged as an important location in the current global system of industrial organization.

1. A maquiladora is a factory built in Mexico near/on the US/Mexico border because of low cost labor in Mexico and a market in the US.

2. Maquiladoras are located on the US border because it’s easier and closer to enter the US lowering cost of transportation.

3. One factor is low cost labor in Mexico. This makes Mexico attractive to corporations around the world as the labor in Mexico is cheap and they can maximize profits.

4. Another factor is that Mexico has a stable government. Many LDCs do not have a stable government making corporations not want to build a factory there. Since Mexico has a stable government, companies will be more attracted to putting factories there.

5. Mexico also has a stable economy. Since most LDCs do not have a stable economy either, Mexico is a better choice for companies to build and invest there.

6. Lastly, Mexico had few regulations on the environment, so companies are not restricted as much as they would be in other countries with what they release into the area pr where they build.

1. Describe ONE difference between the level of industrialization typically seen in more developed countries and the level seen in less developed countries.

2. Describe the difference between the primary economic sector and the secondary economic sector.

3. Explain how the rise of secondary sector employment affects population size in urban communities.

4. Describe ONE change in transportation infrastructure necessary to facilitate urban industrial development.

5. Explain ONE way that women's roles in the household or local labor force change as a result of a country's industrialization.

6. Explain ONE way that increasing industrialization can affect gender equality in less developed countries.

7. Explain the degree to which dependency theory accounts for uneven economic development at the global scale.

1. MDCs are typically more industrialized because they have more machinery than LDCs do since MDCs can purchase more machines and more expensive technology because MDCs are richer than LDCs.

2. Primary economic sector focus on the extraction of Earth’s resources like mining, fishing, or farming while secondary sector economic activities is focused on manufacturing and factory work.

3. Most factories are located in urban cities, so as more people join the secondary sector, more people move rural to urban.

4. One change is adding in well made roads and highways to facilitate transportation by truck. This increases efficiency and increasing the amount of goods made and transported and also gives people a way to drive to and from their job which helps a city’s industry develop.

5. As a country industrializes, women move from domestic work into factory or service jobs. This provides financial independence to women allowing them to be more independent without a male counterpart.

6. Increasing industrialization affects gender equality by creating job opportunities for women increasing women’s independence and helping women not need a man to support them.

7. To a high degree, the dependency theory shows how Core countries like the US exploit semi-periphery countries like Mexico and periphery countries like Mali increasing the gap between MDCs and LDCs. By extracting raw material and using these countries for low wage labor, and then exporting the products to the core countries for cheap, MDCs become richer while LDCs stay poor and dependent on the MDCs.

6. Explain the shift in manufacturing locations from the First World to the Third World during the 1970s to the present. Comparing the conditions between MDCs and LDCs, give TWO examples from each of the following factors to illustrate your answer.

1. Labor

2. Government regulations

1. From the 1970s to now, manufacturing locations have changed dramatically from MDCs to LDCs.

   1. One factor is labor. For example, MDCs have higher wages than LDCs, inspiring foreign investors to place factories in LDCs to save money. Another example of why labor is a factor is many MDCs have switched to a service based economy so they do not have many. workers