Detectors and modes

Adsorption Chromatography

• Solid Stationary Phase

• Liquid or Gas Mobile Phase

• Solute adsorbed on surface of stationary phase

Partition Chromatography

• Liquid Stationary Phase

• Liquid or Gas Mobile Phase Cross section of open tubular column, solute is dissolved in liquid phase bonded to the surface of the column as it moves through.

Ion Exchange Chromatography

• Bonded ions as stationary phase

• Liquid mobile phase

• Mobile anions held near cations that are covalently attached to the stationary phase, anion exchange resin, only anions can be attracted to it.

Molecular Exclusion Chromatography

• Pores are used as stationary phase.

• Liquids used as mobile phase.

• The pores allow large molecules outside of their fractionation range to pass through fast and small molecules way below their fractionation range take too long to elute. Smaller molecules come out SLOWER, larger molecules come out FASTER!

Affinity Chromatography

• Antigen/Antibody stationary phase

• Liquid mobile phase.

• only one kind of molecule in the complex mixture will have an AFFINITY for the antibody bonded to the stationary phase, all others will separate through. The antigen in the liquid mobile phase will latch on and can be shaken off later.

Label Typical Gas Chromatography Setup…what does it look like where are all the things.

Thermal conductivity Detector (Universal,Destructive,Linear, Sensitivity Level, what does it measure, and general image of it).

• Gas Chromatography (GC)

• Universal? YES

• Destructive? NO Non-destructive

• Linear? YES

• Sensitivity? not very compared to others.

• What does it measure? Voltage.

Flame Ionization Detector (What chromatography, Universal,Destructive,Linear, Sensitivity Level, what does it measure, and general image of it).

• Gas Chromatography (GC)

• Universal? NO, only carbon and organic compounds (things that will burn).

• Destructive? YES, it is burning things.

• Linear? Yes

• Sensitivity Level, more than TCD less than electron capture.

• It measures current.

Electron Capture Detector ((What chromatography, Universal,Destructive,Linear, Sensitivity Level, what does it measure, and general image of it).

• Gas Chromatography (GC)

• Universal? NO, only halide and nitro compounds.

• Destructive? Mostly non destructive.

• Linear? NO

• Sensitivity Level? Second most sensitive behind mass spec.

• Measures current

Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) (What chromatography, Universal,Destructive,Linear, Sensitivity Level, what does it measure, and general image of it).

• Gas Chromatography (GC)

• Universal? YES

• Destructive? YES (breaks things apart as it measures them).

• Linear? NO

• Second most sensitive and not as selective as Electron Capture.

Normal Phase LLC

• Polar SP

• Non-polar MP

• Eluent strength higher with more polar MP

Reversed Phase LLC

• Non-polar SP

• Polar MP

• eluent strength higher with more non-polar MP

UV-Vis Detection

• Liquid Chromatography (LC)

• Linear

• Universal

• Low Sensitivity

Fluorescence Detection

• Liquid Chromatography (LC)

• NOT UNIVERSAL (not everything fluoresces).

• Linear.

• 100x more sensitive than UV Vis.

Refractive Index detection

• Liquid Chromatography (LC)

• Universal

• Poor Sensitivity

Electrochemical Detection

• Liquid Chromatography (LC)

• Most Sensitive

• Most selective

• NOT UNIVERSAL

Mass spectrometry (LC)

• linear

• selective or universal

• moderate sensitivity about same as uv