Colorado A.I.R Program Emissions

Performance warranty

2 years old less than 24k miles

1977

clean air act amendments, it provides directions to states that couldn't meet national air quality standards-established for maintenance program areas

1990

Clean air act amendments, revision of 1977 that regulated mobile and stationary sources, businesses, and toxic emissions, power plants, and consumer products

CO 2 (carbon dioxide)

Fuel burning

Carbon Dioxide

Coal and gas

2008

Supreme court issues decision allowing USEPA to view carbon dioxide as an air pollutant

USEPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

2009

USEPA establish fuel standards

Air

21% oxygen 78% nitrogen

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is made of

Unburnt Fuel (partially burned fuel)

Stoichiometic

A perfect air fuel mixture 14.5 to 15 pounds of air to burn one pound of fuel

What Causes fuel to not burn completely

1. Time

2. Quenching (liquid fuel)

Unburned Hydrocarbons

50 parts/million

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

.1-.5 percent

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

14.5-16.5 percent

Oxygen (O2)

.1-.4 percent

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

500-1000 parts/million

Nitrogen

N2

Water

H2O

sulfur dioxide

SO2

Carbon/Soot

C

Hydrogen

H2

Aldehydes

CHOH

Ozone

Occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere, that blocks ultraviolet rays

stratosphere

Upper atmosphere

Effects of ozone

Cough, chest discomfort, headaches

Primary focus of A.I.R program

Reduce tropospheric ozone

Tropospheric Ozone

Ground level ozone

Where do hydrocarbons come from?

Gasoline (from a fuel tank)

Effects of hydrocarbons

Eye irritants, and some cause cancer

Carbon Monoxide effects

Reacts with blood proteins, and can cause impaired judgement, nausea, sleepiness( a high concentration can cause death)

What creates more NOx

Horse power (HP)

Nitric oxide

Depends on air fuel mixture, when it goes into the atmosphere and combines with oxygen it forms nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Combustion product

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Exhaust stream product

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

The Brown Cloud

Is made of dust particles, it has some unburned HC's and NOx. These particles come from road sand, diesel soot, and wood burning fire places as well as cars

Particulates

dust particles that have the ability to stay airborne for long periods of time

CDPE

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Effort to reduce the brown cloud

CDPE designed programs like A.I.R

FTP

100k Mile Standard, takes several days and thousands of dollars

Short test

I/M 240, 15-20 min no more than $25

What does the I/M test do

Predicts if the vehicle will fail the FTP Test

20 percent of the vehicles on U.S highways

have mission or leaking gas caps (allowing up to 30 gallons of gas to evaporate per year)

Light duty vehicles are

subject to gas cap pressure test and visible smoke

Missing or malfunctioning gas caps

cause a vehicle to fail a emissions test

Tampering

disconnecting or rendering inoperative emission control devices or elements of design(EGR valve, air pump, PCV, O2 sensors, catalytic converter, tuning software)

If there is evidence of tampering

the vehicle will fail a emissions test

All vehicles in a program area or primary operating in the program area

must be inspected for exhaust emissions prior to registration

January 1, 2015

model year exemption extended from 4 years to 7 years and will need a passing CEC to be sold

CEC

Certificate of emissions Control

OBD

On board diagnostics

OBD Inspection

Vehicles between 9-12 years (MIL must be commanded off)

Prior to 2015

hybrids were not emissions tested

1996 and newer vehicles

Will receive OBD Inspection

February 1, 2015

Hybrids Are now evaluated and will use a OBD inspection and gas cap test

Program Areas

Boulder, Broomfield, Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, Adams, Arapahoe, Kiowa Creek, Larimer, Weld

New model year exemption

7 years from vehicle titled year

Two speed idle test (TSI)

tested for CO & HC and gas cap

1996 vehicles and newer vehicles

receive OBD test and gas cap

1995 and older vehicles

receive TSI test and gas cap test

I/M 240

tests for CO, HC, and NOx mass, and gas cap

Vehicles 8-11 years old

Receive OBD test or I/M 240 as needed

Vehicles more than 11 years old but newer than 1996

Receive I/M 240 test or OBD as needed depending on dyno compatibility

Vehicles 1995-1982

receive I/M 240 test or TSI based on dyno compatibility

IM240 vehicles with handicap controls

may receive TSI

Host computer

all test sites are connected to

1982 and newer private owned models

Inspected every two years with $25 fee

Enforcement of A.I.R program

registration denial

A.I.R program is administered by

CDPHE, Air pollution control division, Mobile sources section, CDR, motor vehicle division

(CDPHE) Colorado department of public health and environment

Handle technical and air quality aspects

Department of revenue (DOR)

Enforces daily operation of A.I.R

Air care Colorado

Operation and maintenance of the host computer

Emissions inspector responsibilities

Secrecy of access code, VIR (vehicle inspection report), and keeping of documents

November 5, 1992 USEPA

Require training for emissions inspectors

Colorado Analyzer

Is controlled by a computer that has Colorado specific software

provides step by step prompts

timed lockout

automatic zero span

backup storage

transmit updates and bulletins

regular gas calibration

Colorado Analyzer must

be tested by leak checking

high volume station

4000 inspections a year

Gas calibration

3 days for low volume, 1 day for high volume

Leak check

1 day for low volume, 4 hours for high volume

Gas cap pressure calibration

After each procedure the internal clock resets for another 24 hours

Colorado analyzer

requires filters, water traps, sample hoses, and oxygen sensors, any modifications must be approved by CDPHE and DOR

Inspection environment temperature

41 F and 110 F

Inspection requirements

a/c needs to be off and the car at operating temperature

1981 and older light duty

must pass both idle and 2500 rpm tests, they're tested every year with $15 fee

Stoichiometric fuel ratio

14.5 to 15 pounds of air for one pound of fuel

1980 and older vehicles and all heavy duty

required to only pass the idle portion of the test

1978 and older heavy duty vehicles have a

6001 GVWR or more

1979 and newer heavy duty vehicles

8501 GVWR or more

1978 California certified heavy duty

8501 GVWR or more

Unknown GVWR

Must be tested as light duty

Heavy duty truck label

attached to the engine

Emissions exemption

Motorcycles

Electric vehicles

external combustion vehicles

farm or horseless carriage license plates

1975 and older vehicles with collector plates and some grandfathered 1984 and older collector plates

kit cars

1979 and older model year vehicles with two stroke cycle

Category A

Collectors vehicle 1975 and older

no emissions test required

no affidavit required

Category B

Collector vehicles 1976 or newer registered before 9-1-2009

no emissions test required

no affidavit required

Category C

Collector vehicle at least 32 years old and registered in program area

DR 2839 collector's item affidavit required

passing emissions test required

Category C pt 2

Collector vehicle at least 32 years old and not registered in program area

no emissions test required

no affidavit required

Gray market vehicles

non U.S certified vehicles

DR2839

collectors car form

DR2365

Any vehicle non U.S or vehicle with engine swapped different from the vehicle's oem engine whichever is newer