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When and where was the Royal College of London founded?
1800 in London
Who performed the first successful blood transfusion in humans, and in what year?
James Blundell in 1818
When was the first federal vaccination enacted?
1813
Who invented the stethoscope and in what year?
René Laënnec in 1816
Who began humane treatment for mental illness?
Dr. Phillipe Pinel
When was the pandemic of cholera?
1832
Who started one of the first training programs for nurses in Germany and in what year?
Theodor Fliedner in 1836
Who encouraged physicians to wash their hands with lime after performing autopsies and before delivering babies in the 1840s?
Ignaz Semmelweis
Who began using ether as an anesthetic and in what year?
Dr. William Morton in 1846
Who began using chloroform as an anesthetic and in what year?
Dr. James Simpson in 1847
Where and when was the American Medical Association formed?
Philadelphia in 1847
Who became the first female physician in the United States and in what year?
Elizabeth Blackwell in 1849
Who started the first Women's American College and in what year?
Elizabeth Blackwell in 1868
When did the American Pharmaceutical Association hold its first convention?
1853
Who was the founder of modern nursing?
Florence Nightingale
Who was appointed Superintendent of Female Nurses of the Army and in what year?
Dorothea Dix in 1861
When was the International Red Cross founded?
1863
Who started using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection and in what year?
Joseph Lister in 1865
Who became the first female physician in Britain and in what year?
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson in 1870
Who was the first woman member of the British Medical Association and in what year?
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson in 1873
Who developed methods of detecting and differentiation between various diseases, developed the foundation for modern theories of immunity, and used chemicals to eliminate microorganisms?
Paul Ehrlich (German bacteriologist)
Who patented the first electrical hearing aid and in what year?
Francis Clarke and M.G. Foster in 1880
Who founded the American Red Cross and in what year?
Clara Barton in 1881
Who is the "Father of Microbiology"?
Robert Koch
Who proved that microorganisms cause disease, pasteurizing milk would kill bacteria, and created a vaccine for rabies in 1885?
Louis Pasteur
Who established principles of heredity and dominant/recessive patterns?
Gregory Mendel
Who discovered viruses and in what year?
Dimitri Ivanofski in 1892
Who established the Henry Street Settlement in NYC in 1893?
Lillian Wald
Who developed a vaccine for diphtheria and in what year?
Dr. Emile Roux in 1894
Who discovered X-rays and in what year?
Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895
Who developed a vaccine for typhoid fever and in what year?
Almroth Wright in 1897
When did Bayer introduce aspirin in powder form?
1899
What was the average life span of the 19th century?
40-60 years
Who demonstrated that mosquitoes carry yellow fever and in what year?
Walter Reed in 1900
Who classified the ABO groups and in what year?
Carl Landsteiner in 1901
When was the Female Army Nurse Corps established as a permanent organization?
1901
Who patented the battery-driven hearing aid and in what year?
1901
Who developed a vaccine against typhoid and in what year?
Dr. Harry Plotz in 1903
Who identified how white blood cells protect against disease
Dr. Elie Metchnikoff
Who isolated radium and in what year?
Marie Curie in 1910
Whose studies formed the basis of psychology and psychiatry?
Sigmund Freud
The influenza pandemic killed more than 21 million people in what year?
1918
Who discovered and used insulin to treat diabetes and when?
Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1922
Who developed methods to grow viruses in cultures and when?
John Enders and Frederick Robbins in 1930s
Who discovered penicillin and when?
Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928
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