Milestones + Brown's Morphemes + Overview

0-3 months

responds to sounds

coos, different cries

4-6 months

looks towards sounds

babbling starts

7-12 months

understands basic words "no"

gestures + first words

12-18 months

follows 1-step directions

10-50 words

18-24 months

understands simple questions

2-word phrases (~50% intelligible)

2-3 years

Understands basic concepts

2-3 words sentences (~75% intelligible)

3-4 years

Answers wh- questions

longer sentences, simple stories

4-5 years

understands multi-step directions

clear speech, full sentences

Stage I age:

12-26 months

Stage I

1-2 word utterances (action, object, location)

Stage II age

27-30 months

Stage II

Present progressive inflection

Prepositions (in, on)

Regular plural inflection

Past Irregular

Stage III age

31-34 months

Stage III

Possessive Inflection

Uncontractible Copula

Past Irregular

Stage IV age

35-40 months

Stage IV

Articles

Regular past tense

Regular 3rd person singular

Stage V age

41-46 months

Stage V

Irregular 3rd person singular

Uncontractible auxillary

Contractible Copula

Contractible Auxillary

Components of Language Systems:

Oral Language

Written Language

Oral Language

Listening

Speaking

Written Language

Reading

Writing

Involves the particular sounds that comprise the sound system of a language and the rules that govern permissible sound combinations

Phonology

Phonology Impairments can lead to difficulty with:

Artic, PA, Expressive Language, Reading, and Spelling

Involves the rules governing the use of language in a social context

Pragmatics

Pragmatic Impairments can lead to difficulty with:

turn taking difficulties in convo, difficulty with narrative discourse like story-telling

involves the rules governing the order and combination of words in the construction of well-formed sentences

Syntax

Syntax Impairments can lead to difficulty with:

formulation of simple and complex sentences that may contain negatives, interrogatives, passives.

Word order

involves the structure of words and the construction of individual word forms form the basic elements of meaning

Morphology

Morphology Impairments can lead to difficulty with:

use of inflectional markers (plurals, past tense, auxillary verbs, possessives, etc.

involves the meaning of individual words and the rules that govern the combinations of word meanings to form meaningful phrases and sentences

Semantics

Semantic Impairments can lead to difficulty with:

vocab, categorization of skills, word retrieval, word association skills, figurative langauge

Form involves:

Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax

Content involves:

Semantics

Use involves:

Pragmatics

Speech involves:

Artic, fluency, voice

1.5-4 Typical:

Final Consonant Deletion

Reduce Consonant Clusters

Omit Weakly stressed syllables

assimilate consonant clusters

Past 4 = Atypical:

Backing

Initial Consonant Deletion

Flottal Replacement

Phonological: Suppressed by 3:

Assimilation

Final Consonant Deletion

Syllable Deletion

Phonological: Suppressed after 3:

Stopping

Cluster Reduction

Epenthesis

Fronting

Metathesis