Microbiology LEC Proponents

Aristotle

Believed that living organisms could develop from non-living materials.

Rogen Bacon

In 13th century, hedescribed that the disease caused by a minute "seed" or "germ".

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

He created descriptions of Protozoa, basic types of bacteria, yeasts and algae.

Bacteriology and Protozoology

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of?

1676

In ________, Leeuwenhoek observed and described microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa as "Animalcules".

Microbe

This term is used by Sedillot in 1878.

Francisco Redi

He showed that maggots would not arise from decaying meat, when it is covered.

Francisco Redi

He was born in 1626 to 1697

John Needham

Supporter of the spontaneous generation theory, as he proposed that tiny organisms (also known as animalcules) arose spontaneously on the mutton gravy.

John Needham

1713 - 1781

John Needham

He covered the flask with cork just like how Redi would do it, still the mucrives appeared on the mutton broth.

Lazaro Spallanzani

He demonstrated that air carried germs to the culture medium.

He showed that boiled broth would not give rise to microscopic forms of life.

Lazarro Spallanzani

1729 - 1799

John Tyndall

• He discovered highly resistant bacterial structure, later known as endospore.

Tyndallisation

Prolonged boiling or intermittent heating was necessary to kill these spores, to make the infusion completely sterilized.

Lord Joseph Lister

• He is the father of antiseptic surgery.

• He concluded that wound infections too were due to microorganisms.

Carbolic acid

Lister also devised a method to destroy microorganisms in the operation theatre by spraying a fine mist of what into the air.

Robert Koch

• He demonstrated the role of bacteria in causing disease.

• He perfected the technique of isolating bacteria in pure culture.

True

Robert Koch used gelatin to prepare solid media but it was not an ideal because:

(i) Since gelatin is a protein, it is digested by many bacteria capable of producing a proteolytic exoenzyme gelatinase that hydrolyses the protein to amino acids.

(ii) It melts when the temperature rises above 25°C.

Fanne Eilshemius Hesse

One of Koch's assistant first proposed the use of agar in culture media as it was not attacked by most bacteria.

Agar

It is better than gelatin because of its higher melting pointing (96°C) and solidifying (40 - 45°C) points.

Richard Petri - 1887

He developed the Petri dish (plate), a container used for solid culture media.

Edward Jenner

• First to prevent small pox.

• He discovered the technique of vaccination.

Edward Jenner

1749 - 1823

Alexander Flemming

He discovered the penicillin from penicillium notatum that destroy several pathogenic bacteria.

Paul Erlich - 1920

• He discovered the treatment of syphilis by using arsenic.

• He Studied toxins and antitoxins in quantitative terms & laid foundation of biological standardization.

Louis Pasteur

He is the father of Medical Microbiology.

Louis Pasteur

He pointed that no growth took place in swan neck shaped tubes because dust and germs had been trapped on the walls of the curved necks but if the necks were broken off so that dust fell directly down into the flask, microbial growth commenced immediately.

Pasteurization

Pasteur in 1897 suggested that mild heating at 62.8°C (145°F) for 30 minutes rather than boiling was enough to destroy the undesirable organisms without ruining the taste of the product.

Rabies and Anthrax

Pasteur invented the processes of pasteurization, fermentation and the development of effective vaccines like?

Louis Pasteur

He invented the processes of pasteurization, fermentation and the development of effective vaccines (rabies and anthrax).

Protozoan Parasite

Pasteur demonstrated diseases of silkworm was due to a?

Louis Pasteur

He coined the term "microbiology", aerobic, anaerobic.

Louis Pasteur

• He disproved the theory of spontaneous germination.

• He demonstrated that anthrax was caused by bacteria and also produced the vaccine for the disease.

Louis Pasteur

He developed live attenuated vaccine for the disease.

Hansen (1874)

Leprosy bacillus

Neisser (1879)

Gonococcus

Ogston (1881)

Staphylococcus

Loeffler (1884)

Diphtheria bacillus

Roux and Yersin

Diphtheria toxin

Beijerinck (1898)

Coined the term Virus for filterable infectious agents.

Good pasteur

Cultivation of viruses on chick embryos.

Charles Chamberland

One of Pasteur's associates constructed a porcelain bacterial filter.

Twort and d'Herelle

Bacteriophages.