HASS Geography: Urbanisation CAT 2

Internal Migration

The movement of people within a region or country

International Migration

refers to the movement of people across international borders to reside permanently or temporarily in a different country

Intrastate Migration

Movement of people from one place to another within the same state or territory

Interstate migration

The movement of people from one state to another within a country

Seasonal Migration

when people move temporarily because of seasonal work or conditions.

Cyclical migration

The movement of people regularly between two or more places, usually for work or lifestyle reasons

Urbanisation

The process by which more people move from rural areas to urban towns and cities, causing cities to grow.

Rural to urban migration

the movement of people from the countryside to cities, often driven by the search for better economic opportunities, services, and living conditions.

Skilled Workers

refers to the workforce that possesses specialized knowledge, training, and abilities required to perform tasks that are more complex than unskilled labor.

Voluntary Migration

The movement of people from one place to another of their own free will.

Involuntary migration

Involves forced movement from within unstable regions as a result of conflict

LEDC

Less economically developed countries— a country with lower levels of wealth, education, healthcare and infrastructure.

Megacity

A city with a population of over 10 million people

Examples of Internal Migration

Moving From New York City to Los Angeles, moving from Shinjuku to Osaka, Students move from small towns in Australia to Melbourne to attend university.

Consequences of urbanisation

higher cost of living, intense job competition, overcrowding, increased crime rates and violence, higher air pollution

Advantages of urbanisation

access to education, improved healthcare, cultural diversity, better job opportunities, these areas provide essential services such as public transport.

Push Factors

Rural push factors— features that encourage people to leave an area

Examples of push factors

Limited jobs and high unemployment, lower wages, poor access to education and healthcare, lack of modern amenities and infrastructure, natural disasters

Pull factors

Urban pull factors— attractive features that draw/pull people in to an area

Examples of pull factors

better jobs, higher wages, improved access to education and healthcare, higher perceived standard of living, better infrastructure.

Examples of international migration

moving from China to Australia, moving from America to Japan, moving from Mexico to France

Examples of instrastate migration

to move from San Francisco to Los Angeles within California, move from Perth to Bunbury within WA, move from Los Angeles to San Diego within California.

Examples of interstate migration

People move from New South Wales to Queensland, People move from California to Texas, people move from New York to Florida.

Examples of seasonal migration

Farm workers move to another region during harvest season, Workers travel to pick apples, grapes, or berries during the harvest months, people spend the winter season in holiday cabins or ski areas and go home when winter finishes.

Examples of cyclical migration

Workers moving from Australia to Japan for seasonal work, Workers travelling from Mexico to the United States for harvest, Migrants moving from the Philippines to Singapore for temporary jobs

Examples of skilled workers

teachers, doctors and nurses, electrician, farmers, chefs