Unit 1 AOS 1 English Language

kill me

Poetic Function

Aesthetic, beauty or wit of text

Referential Function

Information presented

Emotive Function

Expresses emotions

Conative Function

Directions, questions and commands

Metalinguistic Function

Describes language, like nouns and vowels

Phatic Function

Create and maintain social connections, meaningless outside social context

Register

Alters formality of language

Tenor

Relationship and social difference

Audience

Intended listeners or readers

Cultural Context

Attitudes, values and beliefs

Field

Words grouped by meaning (E.g. sea, land, country are natural environment)

Mode

Written or spoken

Setting

Surroundings

Text type

(E.g. Social media post, news report, speech)

Authorial intent

Authors aim or what it wants to achieve

Morphology

Study of the structure of words

Root

Primary meaning ('cat' in cats)

Stem

Part of word when morpheme is taken away ('happy' in unhappiness)

Free

Can stand alone as word

Bound

Rely on root or stem to be used

Inflectional affix

Adds tense, number or possession (doesn't change meaning of word)

Derivational affix

Creates new word ('un' or 'ing')

Lexicology

Study of words and their meanings

Noun

Thing, place, person

Pronoun

Replaces noun (I, it, they, you)

Verb

Action, state, occurrence

Primary auxiliary verb

Construct tenses (am, have, do)

Modal auxiliary verb

Possibility or intent (can, could, will)

Adjective

Extra information

Adverb

Describe, quantify, modify (only, never, too)

Preposition

Sets position (on, in, under)

Coordinating conjunction

Describes equality (and, for)

Subordinating conjunction

Independent and dependant (because, if, after)

Determiner

Infront of noun, clarifies quantity or possession (this, your)

Interjection

Expresses feelings, requests or demands (Oh no, bye, oh really?)

Noun Phrase

Modifier before noun as head of phrase (The mouse nearby)

Verb Phrase

Main verb + modifier (I)

Prepositional Phrase

Preposition + noun (in my pocket)

Adjective Phrase

Adjective + modifier (very happy)

Adverb Phrase

Adverb + modifier (very quickly)

Subject

Main actor (she, the shopkeeper)

Predicate

Main verb + modifiers (The potato cakes)

Direct Object

Noun phrase affected by verb

Indirect Object

Noun phrase indirectly affected by verb

Complement

After copula verb or anything describing (My turtle's name is Terrie)

Adverbial

Extra information (on my lap, in the morning)

Subordinating Clause

A sentence that is attached to an independent clause (Cannot stand by itself) - George

Coordinating Clause

Independant clause connected to another by a coordinating conjunction - George

Declarative

Statement of fact

Interrogative

Question

Imperative

Command, instructions or requests

Exclamative

Fear, excitement or surprise

Simple Sentence

Subject and predicate

Compound Sentence

2 or more independent clauses combined by coordinator

Complex Sentence

1 independent and at least 1 dependant

Compound-complex Sentence

2 independent and 1 dependant

Fragment

Incomplete

Semantics Domains

Words with related meaning

Pitch

High or low sound (High when scared, low when serious)

Intonation

Rising or falling different tone (Rising when question)

Stress

Intensity in word in sentence

Tempo

Speed of intonation unit

Volume

Increase or decrease in decibels in intonation unit

Assimilation

Changing sounds of word (sandwich to sanwich)

Vowel reduction

Quality of vowel sound reduced (banana to banaeh)

Elision

Dropping sound segment (library to liebri)

Insertion

Adding sound where it shouldn't be (Anna ate to Annar at;e)