Chemical Reactions: Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols, Thioethers IUPAC Naming Rules

A collection of flashcards designed to facilitate the understanding of chemical reactions involving alcohols, ethers, thiols, and thioethers along with their IUPAC naming conventions.

IUPAC Naming Rules

A method for naming chemical compounds systematically using specific steps such as identifying the base structure, substituents, and applying rules for numbering.

Acyclic Molecules

Molecules that do not contain a ring structure

Cyclic Molecules

Molecules that contain a ring structure

Substituent

An atom or group of atoms that replaces hydrogen in a hydrocarbon, altering its properties.

Stereoisomer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements of atoms, designated by terms like cis, trans, E, and Z.

Boiling Points

Temperature at which a liquid boils; influenced by structural factors such as chain length and the presence of hydrogen bonds.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent; alcohols with 4 or fewer carbon atoms are typically soluble in water.

Markovnikov Addition

An addition reaction where the more substituted carbon atom receives more of the incoming groups, often in the context of hydration of alkenes.

Hydration Reactions

Reactions in which water is added to a substance; often involve Markovnikov and Anti-Markovnikov addition.

Conversion to Ethers

A chemical reaction where alcohols are dehydrated to form ethers even through intermolecular or intramolecular processes.

Saitzev Rule

A principle stating that in elimination reactions, the more substituted double bond will be the major product.

Alcohol Dehydration

A reaction where water is removed from an alcohol to form an alkene or ether, either intermolecularly or intramolecularly.

Oxidation of Alcohols

A chemical reaction wherein alcohols are converted to a higher oxidation state, such as aldehydes or ketones, depending on the type of alcohol.

Thioethers

Compounds containing a sulfur atom between two alkyl or aryl groups; also referred to as sulfides.

Chemical Properties of Haloalkanes

Characteristics involving substitution reactions which can convert haloalkanes to alcohols, ethers, thiols, thioethers, or organometallic reagents.

Conversion to Thioethers

The process through which thiols react with haloalkanes to produce thioethers.