AP Comparative Gov: Mexico Unit

Major resources

oil and silver

What was the catalyst to civil society?

Earthquake - neighborhood communities needed to create organizations to help.

How do countries deal with massive debt? (Mexico in 1980s)

1. IMF support

2. Must accept structural adjustments - usually means austerity, free trade, and privatization

What weakened the PRI’s dominance?

1. Poor response to the earthquake

2. Massacre of protesters in 1950s

3. Privatization

4. Less social services

Reforms to combat patron-client system

1. Watchdog

2. Merit systems

3. Transparency laws (ex. Freedom of Information Act)

4. PR (promotes 3rd parties)

5. Privatization

6. Gov inspection offices

7. Primary elections

Causes of Zapatista Uprising

Wanted to flight against landowners, justice of Chiapas and native peoples, autonomy.

Government response to Zapatista Uprising

Sent the military in

NAFTA Winners

1. Common consumer - costs down (US)

2. Mexican workers

3. Some US workers - to avoid tariffs

NAFTA Losers

1. Unions

2. Some US workers - jobs lost

USMCA Winners

1. Mexican workers - increased wages

2. US workers - less jobs lost to Mexico

USMCA Losers

1. Common consumer - increased prices

Mestizos

Amerindian + Spanish

Maquiladores

Assembly factories

Cuadillos

political/military strongmen, challenged one another for power during the Revolution of 1910.

Revolution of 1910

Ended Porifirato dictatorship, turned into civil war

Emiliano Zapata

Lead peasants in Revolution of 1910 (central/southern)

Constitution of 1917

social reforms (social security, min wage, right to labor unions), limited power of foreign investors and catholic church.

Ejidos

Collective land grants

Vincent Fox

Defeated PRI reign, PAN president

Chamber of Duties Members

500

Chamber of Duties Election Process

Directly elected

Chamber of Duties Terms

3 year term, 4 term limit

How many SMD, how many PR

300,200

Senate Members

128

Senate election process

Directly elected

Senate Terms

6 year term, 2 term limit

Supreme Court Terms

15 years

Does Superme Court have judicial review

On paper, but doesn’t go against government policy

Amparo

Writ of protection

PRI

Founded as coalition of elites, corpatist.

Appeals: rural, south, old, poor

Center

PAN

Created to represent business interests, regional autonomy, less government intervention, catholic church presence.

Appeals: north, middle class, urban, high education, religious

Right

PRD

Split from PRI but still lacks focus (failed to win president), reform and social justice.

Appeals: young, central states, socially active, small town/urban.

Left

MORENO

Current party, austerity, low inequality, anti-corruption message.

Appeals: poor, rural, middle class

Far Left

Mexican Social Clevages

1. Urban v rural

2. N v S

3. Social class

4. Mestizo v Amerindian - wealth held primarily by M

Fransisco Madero

Initiated revolution by challenging the dictatorship

Pancho Villa

Commanded revolutionary forces in north, fighting for agrarian reforms and social justice

Corporatist State

organizes society into sectors (labor, business, etc) that are controlled by government to maintain order - limits civil society

State Capitalism

Government plays dominate role, owning key industries like oil (PEMEX), electricity, and oil. Aim to control development and reduce foreign influence.

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

Strategy to reduce dependency on foreign goods by promoting domestic production thro tariffs, subsidies, and state investment in infrastructure and industry.